TY - JOUR

T1 - The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics of the brain

T2 - New understanding of brain clearance

AU - Yankova, Galina

AU - Bogomyakova, Olga

AU - Tulupov, Andrey

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

PY - 2021/11/1

Y1 - 2021/11/1

N2 - The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics have recently been characterized. Glymphatic system is a glia-dependent system of perivascular channels, and it plays an important role in the removal of interstitial metabolic waste products. The meningeal lymphatics may be a key drainage route for cerebrospinal fluid into the peripheral blood, may contribute to inflammatory reaction and central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance. Breakdowns and dysfunction of the glymphatic systemand meningeal lymphatics play a crucial role in age-related brain changes, the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in brain injuries and tumors. This review discusses the relationship recently characterized meningeal lymphatic vessels with the glymphatic system, which provides perfusion of the CNS with cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids. The review also presents the results of human studies concerning both the presence of meningeal lymphatics and the glymphatic system. A new understanding of how aging, medications, sleep and wake cycles, genetic predisposition, and even body posture affect the brain drainage system has not only changed the idea of brain fluid circulation but has also contributed to an understanding of the pathology and mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.

AB - The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics have recently been characterized. Glymphatic system is a glia-dependent system of perivascular channels, and it plays an important role in the removal of interstitial metabolic waste products. The meningeal lymphatics may be a key drainage route for cerebrospinal fluid into the peripheral blood, may contribute to inflammatory reaction and central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance. Breakdowns and dysfunction of the glymphatic systemand meningeal lymphatics play a crucial role in age-related brain changes, the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in brain injuries and tumors. This review discusses the relationship recently characterized meningeal lymphatic vessels with the glymphatic system, which provides perfusion of the CNS with cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids. The review also presents the results of human studies concerning both the presence of meningeal lymphatics and the glymphatic system. A new understanding of how aging, medications, sleep and wake cycles, genetic predisposition, and even body posture affect the brain drainage system has not only changed the idea of brain fluid circulation but has also contributed to an understanding of the pathology and mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.

KW - Amyloid

KW - AQP4

KW - Glymphatic system

KW - Immune cells

KW - Meningeal lymphatics.

KW - amyloid

KW - meningeal lymphatics

KW - immune cells

KW - glymphatic system

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101641948&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/67babbd1-d6a0-3a44-8aff-005c29021ad6/

U2 - 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0106

DO - 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0106

M3 - Review article

C2 - 33618444

AN - SCOPUS:85101641948

VL - 32

SP - 693

EP - 705

JO - Reviews in the Neurosciences

JF - Reviews in the Neurosciences

SN - 0334-1763

IS - 7

ER -