TY - JOUR

T1 - Human placenta exosomes

T2 - Biogenesis, isolation, composition, and prospects for use in diagnostics

AU - Burkova, Evgeniya E.

AU - Sedykh, Sergey E.

AU - Nevinsky, Georgy A.

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This investigation was sustained by the project of RSF, number 18-74-10055 (to Sergey Sedykh), and the Russian state-funded budget project of ICBFM SB RAS # 0245-2021-0009 (to Georgy Nevinsky). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/2/2

Y1 - 2021/2/2

N2 - Exosomes are 40–100 nm nanovesicles participating in intercellular communication and transferring various bioactive proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids. During pregnancy, the placenta releases exosomes into the maternal circulation. Placental exosomes are detected in the maternal blood even in the first trimester of pregnancy and their numbers increase significantly by the end of pregnancy. Exosomes are necessary for the normal functioning of the placenta and fetal development. Effects of exosomes on target cells depend not only on their concentration but also on their intrinsic components. The biochemical composition of the placental exosomes may cause various complications of pregnancy. Some studies relate the changes in the composition of nanovesicles to placental dysfunction. Isolation of placental exosomes from the blood of pregnant women and the study of protein, lipid, and nucleic composition can lead to the development of methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy pathologies. This review describes the biogenesis of exosomes, methods of their isolation, analyzes their biochemical composition, and considers the prospects for using exosomes to diagnose pregnancy pathologies.

AB - Exosomes are 40–100 nm nanovesicles participating in intercellular communication and transferring various bioactive proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids. During pregnancy, the placenta releases exosomes into the maternal circulation. Placental exosomes are detected in the maternal blood even in the first trimester of pregnancy and their numbers increase significantly by the end of pregnancy. Exosomes are necessary for the normal functioning of the placenta and fetal development. Effects of exosomes on target cells depend not only on their concentration but also on their intrinsic components. The biochemical composition of the placental exosomes may cause various complications of pregnancy. Some studies relate the changes in the composition of nanovesicles to placental dysfunction. Isolation of placental exosomes from the blood of pregnant women and the study of protein, lipid, and nucleic composition can lead to the development of methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy pathologies. This review describes the biogenesis of exosomes, methods of their isolation, analyzes their biochemical composition, and considers the prospects for using exosomes to diagnose pregnancy pathologies.

KW - Biomark-ers

KW - Exosomes

KW - Isolation

KW - Lipid

KW - MiRNA

KW - Placenta

KW - Placental exosomes

KW - Protein

KW - Trophoblast

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100951221&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/11822603-528b-37b2-a113-d00ea8b46fcf/

U2 - 10.3390/ijms22042158

DO - 10.3390/ijms22042158

M3 - Review article

C2 - 33671527

AN - SCOPUS:85100951221

VL - 22

SP - 1

EP - 20

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

SN - 1661-6596

IS - 4

M1 - 2158

ER -