TY - JOUR

T1 - Genes containing long introns occupy series of bands and interbands in drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes

AU - Khoroshko, Varvara A.

AU - Pokholkova, Galina V.

AU - Levitsky, Victor G.

AU - Zykova, Tatyana Yu

AU - Antonenko, Oksana V.

AU - Belyaeva, Elena S.

AU - Zhimulev, Igor F.

PY - 2020/4

Y1 - 2020/4

N2 - The Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes are the best model for studying the genome organization during interphase. Despite of the long-term studies available on genetic organization of polytene chromosome bands and interbands, little is known regarding long gene location on chromosomes. To analyze it, we used bioinformatic approaches and characterized genome-wide distribution of introns in gene bodies and in different chromatin states, and using fluorescent in situ hybridization we juxtaposed them with the chromosome structures. Short introns up to 2 kb in length are located in the bodies of housekeeping genes (grey bands or lazurite chromatin). In the group of 70 longest genes in the Drosophila genome, 95% of total gene length accrues to introns. The mapping of the 15 long genes showed that they could occupy extended sections of polytene chromosomes containing band and interband series, with promoters located in the interband fragments (aquamarine chromatin). Introns (malachite and ruby chromatin) in polytene chromosomes form independent bands, which can contain either both introns and exons or intron material only. Thus, a novel type of the gene arrangement in polytene chromosomes was discovered; peculiarities of such genetic organization are discussed.

AB - The Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes are the best model for studying the genome organization during interphase. Despite of the long-term studies available on genetic organization of polytene chromosome bands and interbands, little is known regarding long gene location on chromosomes. To analyze it, we used bioinformatic approaches and characterized genome-wide distribution of introns in gene bodies and in different chromatin states, and using fluorescent in situ hybridization we juxtaposed them with the chromosome structures. Short introns up to 2 kb in length are located in the bodies of housekeeping genes (grey bands or lazurite chromatin). In the group of 70 longest genes in the Drosophila genome, 95% of total gene length accrues to introns. The mapping of the 15 long genes showed that they could occupy extended sections of polytene chromosomes containing band and interband series, with promoters located in the interband fragments (aquamarine chromatin). Introns (malachite and ruby chromatin) in polytene chromosomes form independent bands, which can contain either both introns and exons or intron material only. Thus, a novel type of the gene arrangement in polytene chromosomes was discovered; peculiarities of such genetic organization are discussed.

KW - Bands

KW - Chromatin states

KW - Drosophila melanogaster

KW - Gene introns

KW - Housekeeping genes

KW - Interbands

KW - Polytene chromosomes

KW - interbands

KW - X-CHROMOSOME

KW - SEQUENCES

KW - gene introns

KW - chromatin states

KW - bands

KW - 2B3-4-2B11

KW - CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS

KW - REGION

KW - polytene chromosomes

KW - REPLICATION

KW - DNA

KW - FUNCTIONAL-ORGANIZATION

KW - REVISED MAP

KW - METAMORPHOSIS

KW - housekeeping genes

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083376040&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/genes11040417

DO - 10.3390/genes11040417

M3 - Article

C2 - 32290448

AN - SCOPUS:85083376040

VL - 11

JO - Genes

JF - Genes

SN - 2073-4425

IS - 4

M1 - 417

ER -