TY - JOUR

T1 - Noncanonical constitutive androstane receptor signaling in gene regulation

AU - Pustylnyak, Yuliya A.

AU - Gulyaeva, Lyudmila F.

AU - Pustylnyak, Vladimir O.

PY - 2020/9/14

Y1 - 2020/9/14

N2 - The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) is extremely important for the regulation of many physiological processes, especially xenobiotic (drug) metabolism and transporters. CAR differs from steroid hormone receptors in that it can be activated using structurally unrelated chemicals, both through direct ligand-binding and ligand-independent (indirect) mechanisms. By binding to specific responsive elements on DNA, CAR increases the expression of its target genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Therefore, CAR is mainly characterized as a ligand-dependent or ligand-independent transcription factor, and the induction of gene expression is considered the canonical mode of CAR action. Consistent with its central role in xenobiotic metabolism, CAR signaling includes a collection of mechanisms that are employed alongside the core transcriptional machinery of the receptor. These so-called noncanonical CAR pathways allow the receptor to coordinate the regulation of many aspects of cell biology. In this mini-review, we review noncanonical CAR signaling, paying special attention to the role of CAR in energy homeostasis and cell proliferation.

AB - The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) is extremely important for the regulation of many physiological processes, especially xenobiotic (drug) metabolism and transporters. CAR differs from steroid hormone receptors in that it can be activated using structurally unrelated chemicals, both through direct ligand-binding and ligand-independent (indirect) mechanisms. By binding to specific responsive elements on DNA, CAR increases the expression of its target genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Therefore, CAR is mainly characterized as a ligand-dependent or ligand-independent transcription factor, and the induction of gene expression is considered the canonical mode of CAR action. Consistent with its central role in xenobiotic metabolism, CAR signaling includes a collection of mechanisms that are employed alongside the core transcriptional machinery of the receptor. These so-called noncanonical CAR pathways allow the receptor to coordinate the regulation of many aspects of cell biology. In this mini-review, we review noncanonical CAR signaling, paying special attention to the role of CAR in energy homeostasis and cell proliferation.

KW - CAR

KW - Cell proliferation

KW - Energy homeostasis

KW - Gene regulation

KW - Noncanonical signaling

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090862002&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ijms21186735

DO - 10.3390/ijms21186735

M3 - Review article

C2 - 32937916

AN - SCOPUS:85090862002

VL - 21

SP - 1

EP - 10

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

SN - 1661-6596

IS - 18

M1 - 6735

ER -