TY - JOUR

T1 - Genomic Variability of the HCT116 Cell Line Identified Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing

AU - Mikheeva, Regina

AU - Leonov, Pavel

AU - Koryukov, Maksim

AU - Ruleva, Ekaterina

AU - Karabut, Ekaterina

AU - Kechin, Andrey

N1 - Mikheeva, R.; Leonov, P.; Koryukov, M.; Ruleva, E.; Karabut, E.; Kechin, A. Genomic Variability of the HCT116 Cell Line Identified Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 5791. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135791 This research was funded by RSF grant No. 25-74-10103 “New targets for targeted therapy based on the mutual dependence of DNA repair mechanisms and cell metabolism”.

PY - 2026/6/26

Y1 - 2026/6/26

N2 - HCT116 is a colorectal cancer cell line frequently used in anti-tumor drug development experiments as well as in studies of the molecular machinery of eukaryotic cells. It is well characterized by the presence of several single-nucleotide and short mutations in multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including KRAS, PIK3CA, MLH1, CTNNB1, CDKN2A, TGFBR2, and BRCA2. However, its landscape of large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) and copy number variants (CNVs) is still far from being fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify LGRs and CNVs in several HCT116 cell line samples using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology, including three samples from the SRA NCBI database, and to compare common and unique variants across all samples. Using the recently developed eLaRodON tool, we identified 22,666 common LGRs, among which more than 70% of tandem duplications and deletions larger than 80 kb were confirmed by CNV analysis. Among LGRs affecting protein-coding sequences, two in-frame rearrangements were identified: a deletion of exons 4–6 and a duplication of exon 10 in the CCSER1 gene, which encodes a cell division regulator protein. Given its high rearrangement rate in various tumors and the clinical significance of its overexpression, this finding may be potentially useful in future research on this cell line. Regarding differences between samples, we found that LGRs in the laboratory sample and in one of the three SRA NCBI samples occurred more frequently via ALR/Alpha repeats than via Alu repeats, in contrast to common LGRs and those unique to the other samples, a finding that may indicate the presence of unique mechanisms of genomic instability. Thus, this study reveals a broad spectrum of large genomic rearrangements and copy number variants that can be identified in the HCT116 cell line using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, including rearrangements specific to distinct cell line samples.

AB - HCT116 is a colorectal cancer cell line frequently used in anti-tumor drug development experiments as well as in studies of the molecular machinery of eukaryotic cells. It is well characterized by the presence of several single-nucleotide and short mutations in multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including KRAS, PIK3CA, MLH1, CTNNB1, CDKN2A, TGFBR2, and BRCA2. However, its landscape of large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) and copy number variants (CNVs) is still far from being fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify LGRs and CNVs in several HCT116 cell line samples using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology, including three samples from the SRA NCBI database, and to compare common and unique variants across all samples. Using the recently developed eLaRodON tool, we identified 22,666 common LGRs, among which more than 70% of tandem duplications and deletions larger than 80 kb were confirmed by CNV analysis. Among LGRs affecting protein-coding sequences, two in-frame rearrangements were identified: a deletion of exons 4–6 and a duplication of exon 10 in the CCSER1 gene, which encodes a cell division regulator protein. Given its high rearrangement rate in various tumors and the clinical significance of its overexpression, this finding may be potentially useful in future research on this cell line. Regarding differences between samples, we found that LGRs in the laboratory sample and in one of the three SRA NCBI samples occurred more frequently via ALR/Alpha repeats than via Alu repeats, in contrast to common LGRs and those unique to the other samples, a finding that may indicate the presence of unique mechanisms of genomic instability. Thus, this study reveals a broad spectrum of large genomic rearrangements and copy number variants that can be identified in the HCT116 cell line using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, including rearrangements specific to distinct cell line samples.

KW - HCT116

KW - cell line

KW - colorectal cancer

KW - genomic rearrangements

KW - single-nucleotide variants

KW - structural variants

KW - геномные перестройки

KW - структурные варианты

KW - однонуклеотидные варианты

KW - клеточная линия

KW - HCT116

KW - колоректальный рак

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/907f2fee-73c6-3e1e-942e-9a10ce45aead/

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105045078060

U2 - 10.3390/ijms27135791

DO - 10.3390/ijms27135791

M3 - Article

C2 - 42450064

VL - 27

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

SN - 1661-6596

IS - 13

M1 - 5791

ER -