TY - JOUR

T1 - The gene expression profile of a drug metabolism system and signal transduction pathways in the liver of mice treated with tertbutylhydroquinone or 3-(3'-tert-butyl-4'- hydroxyphenyl)propylthiosulfonate of sodium

AU - Shintyapina, Alexandra B.

AU - Vavilin, Valentin A.

AU - Safronova, Olga G.

AU - Lyakhovich, Vyacheslav V.

PY - 2017/5/1

Y1 - 2017/5/1

N2 - Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) is a highly effective phenolic antioxidant used in edible oils and fats in foods as well as in medicines and cosmetics. TBHQ has been shown to have both chemoprotective and carcinogenic effects. Furthermore, it has potential anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and neuroprotective activities. TBHQ induces phase II detoxification enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE mechanism, which contributes to its chemopreventive functions. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence that biological effects of tBHQ may be mediated by Nrf2-independent mechanisms related to various signaling cascades. Here, we studied changes in gene expression of phase I, II, and III drug metabolizing enzymes/transporters as well as protein levels and activities of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) elicited by tBHQ and its structural homolog TS-13 in the mouse liver. Next, we carried out gene expression analysis to identify signal transduction pathways modulated by the antioxidants. Mice received 100 mg/kg tBHQ or TS-13 per day or only vehicle. The liver was collected at 12 hours and after 7 days of the treatment. Protein and total RNA were extracted. Gene expression was analyzed using Mouse Drug Metabolism and Signal Transduction PathwayFinder RT2Profiler PCR Arrays. A western blot analysis was used to measure protein levels and a fluorometric assay was employed to study activities of CYPs. Genes that were affected more than 1.5-fold by tBHQ or TS-13 treatment compared with vehicle were identified. Analysis of the gene expression data revealed changes in various genes that are important for drug metabolism, cellular defense mechanisms, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Novel target genes were identified, including xenobiotic metabolism genes encoding CYPs, phase II/III drug metabolizing enzymes/transporters. For Cyp1a2 and Cyp2b, we observed an increase in protein levels and activities during tBHQ or TS-13 treatment. Changes were found in the gene expression regulated by NFκB, androgen, retinoic acid, PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Hedgehog and other pathways.

AB - Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) is a highly effective phenolic antioxidant used in edible oils and fats in foods as well as in medicines and cosmetics. TBHQ has been shown to have both chemoprotective and carcinogenic effects. Furthermore, it has potential anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and neuroprotective activities. TBHQ induces phase II detoxification enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE mechanism, which contributes to its chemopreventive functions. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence that biological effects of tBHQ may be mediated by Nrf2-independent mechanisms related to various signaling cascades. Here, we studied changes in gene expression of phase I, II, and III drug metabolizing enzymes/transporters as well as protein levels and activities of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) elicited by tBHQ and its structural homolog TS-13 in the mouse liver. Next, we carried out gene expression analysis to identify signal transduction pathways modulated by the antioxidants. Mice received 100 mg/kg tBHQ or TS-13 per day or only vehicle. The liver was collected at 12 hours and after 7 days of the treatment. Protein and total RNA were extracted. Gene expression was analyzed using Mouse Drug Metabolism and Signal Transduction PathwayFinder RT2Profiler PCR Arrays. A western blot analysis was used to measure protein levels and a fluorometric assay was employed to study activities of CYPs. Genes that were affected more than 1.5-fold by tBHQ or TS-13 treatment compared with vehicle were identified. Analysis of the gene expression data revealed changes in various genes that are important for drug metabolism, cellular defense mechanisms, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Novel target genes were identified, including xenobiotic metabolism genes encoding CYPs, phase II/III drug metabolizing enzymes/transporters. For Cyp1a2 and Cyp2b, we observed an increase in protein levels and activities during tBHQ or TS-13 treatment. Changes were found in the gene expression regulated by NFκB, androgen, retinoic acid, PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Hedgehog and other pathways.

KW - Animals

KW - Blotting, Western

KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism

KW - Hydroquinones/pharmacology

KW - Inactivation, Metabolic/drug effects

KW - Liver/drug effects

KW - Male

KW - Mice

KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C

KW - Microsomes, Liver/drug effects

KW - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

KW - Signal Transduction/drug effects

KW - Thiosulfonic Acids/pharmacology

KW - Transcriptome/drug effects

KW - HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS

KW - OXIDATIVE STRESS

KW - ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE

KW - INDUCED APOPTOSIS

KW - PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE

KW - ANTIOXIDANT-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT

KW - CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR

KW - COORDINATE REGULATION

KW - INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

KW - NF-KAPPA-B

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85018760614&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0176939

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0176939

M3 - Article

C2 - 28467491

AN - SCOPUS:85018760614

VL - 12

SP - e0176939

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

SN - 1932-6203

IS - 5

M1 - 0176939

ER -