TY - JOUR

T1 - The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses

T2 - Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector

AU - Zaichuk, T. A.

AU - Nechipurenko, Y. D.

AU - Adzhubey, A. A.

AU - Onikienko, S. B.

AU - Chereshnev, V. A.

AU - Zainutdinov, S. S.

AU - Kochneva, G. V.

AU - Netesov, S. V.

AU - Matveeva, O. V.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s).

PY - 2020/11

Y1 - 2020/11

N2 - To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using more conservative structural and accessory viral proteins for the vaccine antigenic determinants will help to avoid this problem. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection.

AB - To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using more conservative structural and accessory viral proteins for the vaccine antigenic determinants will help to avoid this problem. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection.

KW - ADE

KW - antibody-dependent enhancement

KW - conservative antigenic determinants

KW - COVID-19

KW - murine respirovirus

KW - SARS-CoV-1

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Sendai virus

KW - vaccine vector

KW - NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES

KW - T-CELL

KW - VIRAL VECTORS

KW - RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS

KW - RESPONSES

KW - IMMUNOGENICITY

KW - SPIKE PROTEIN

KW - INFECTION

KW - TYPE-1

KW - SARS-CORONAVIRUS

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090316082&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1134/S0026893320060151

DO - 10.1134/S0026893320060151

M3 - Review article

C2 - 32921819

AN - SCOPUS:85090316082

VL - 54

SP - 812

EP - 826

JO - Molecular Biology

JF - Molecular Biology

SN - 0026-8933

IS - 6

ER -