TY - JOUR

T1 - Super-resolution microscopy reveals stochastic initiation of replication in Drosophila polytene chromosomes

AU - Kolesnikova, Tatyana D.

AU - Pokholkova, Galina V.

AU - Dovgan, Viktoria V.

AU - Zhimulev, Igor F.

AU - Schubert, Veit

N1 - Funding Information: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The work was funded by a joint Russian–German grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 20-54-12016) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Schu762/12-1). The part of the work associated with development of the ectopic S-phase induction assay was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 19-14-00051. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Studying the probability distribution of replication initiation along a chromosome is a huge challenge. Drosophila polytene chromosomes in combination with super-resolution microscopy provide a unique opportunity for analyzing the probabilistic nature of replication initiation at the ultrastructural level. Here, we developed a method for synchronizing S-phase induction among salivary gland cells. An analysis of the replication label distribution in the first minutes of S phase and in the following hours after the induction revealed the dynamics of replication initiation. Spatial super-resolution structured illumination microscopy allowed identifying multiple discrete replication signals and to investigate the behavior of replication signals in the first minutes of the S phase at the ultrastructural level. We identified replication initiation zones where initiation occurs stochastically. These zones differ significantly in the probability of replication initiation per time unit. There are zones in which initiation occurs on most strands of the polytene chromosome in a few minutes. In other zones, the initiation on all strands takes several hours. Compact bands are free of replication initiation events, and the replication runs from outer edges to the middle, where band shapes may alter.

AB - Studying the probability distribution of replication initiation along a chromosome is a huge challenge. Drosophila polytene chromosomes in combination with super-resolution microscopy provide a unique opportunity for analyzing the probabilistic nature of replication initiation at the ultrastructural level. Here, we developed a method for synchronizing S-phase induction among salivary gland cells. An analysis of the replication label distribution in the first minutes of S phase and in the following hours after the induction revealed the dynamics of replication initiation. Spatial super-resolution structured illumination microscopy allowed identifying multiple discrete replication signals and to investigate the behavior of replication signals in the first minutes of the S phase at the ultrastructural level. We identified replication initiation zones where initiation occurs stochastically. These zones differ significantly in the probability of replication initiation per time unit. There are zones in which initiation occurs on most strands of the polytene chromosome in a few minutes. In other zones, the initiation on all strands takes several hours. Compact bands are free of replication initiation events, and the replication runs from outer edges to the middle, where band shapes may alter.

KW - Drosophila

KW - origin efficiency

KW - polytene chromosome

KW - replication initiation zone

KW - replication timing

KW - structured illumination microscopy

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125372864&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/d5e23489-eadc-3f1e-806a-2ee6616eff5e/

U2 - 10.1007/s10577-021-09679-w

DO - 10.1007/s10577-021-09679-w

M3 - Article

C2 - 35226231

AN - SCOPUS:85125372864

VL - 30

SP - 361

EP - 383

JO - Chromosome Research

JF - Chromosome Research

SN - 0967-3849

IS - 4

ER -