TY - JOUR

T1 - SU(2) hyper-clocks: Quantum engineering of spinor interferences for time and frequency metrology

AU - Zanon-Willette, T.

AU - Wilkowski, D.

AU - Lefevre, R.

AU - Taichenachev, A. V.

AU - Yudin, V. I.

N1 - Funding Information: T.Z.-W. is deeply grateful to Dr. J.-P. Karr, Dr. E. de Clercq, P. M. Cahay, the Wilkowski laboratory teams with Sr(I) and Sr(II) projects for discussion, comments, and criticism. V.I.Y. was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants No. 20-02-00505 and No. 19-32-90181) and Foundation for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics “BASIS.” A.V.T. acknowledges financial support from the Russian Science Foundation through Grant No. 20-12-00081. T.Z.-W. acknowledges Sorbonne Université and MajuLab for supporting a 12 months visiting research associate professorship at center for quantum technologies (CQT) in Singapore. D.W. acknowledges CQT/MoE funding Grant No. R-710-002-016-271, and the NRF/QEP funding Grant No. NRF2021-QEP2-03-P01. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

PY - 2022/6

Y1 - 2022/6

N2 - In 1949, Ramsey's method [Phys. Rev. 76, 996 (1949)PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.76.996] of separated oscillating fields was elaborated boosting over many decades metrological performances of atomic clocks and becoming the standard technique for very high-precision spectroscopic measurements. A generalization of this interferometric method is presented replacing the two single coherent excitations by arbitrary composite laser pulses. The rotation of the state vector of a two-level system under the effect of a single pulse is described using the Pauli matrices basis of the SU(2) group. It is then generalized to multiple excitation pulses by a recursive Euler-Rodrigues-Gibbs algorithm describing a composition of rotations with different rotation axes. A general analytical formula for the phase shift associated with the clock's interferometric signal is derived. As illustrations, hyper-clocks based on three-pulse and five-pulse interrogation protocols are studied and shown to exhibit nonlinear cubic and quintic sensitivities to residual probe-induced light shifts. The presented formalism is well suited to optimize composite phase shifts produced by tailored quantum algorithms in order to design a new generation of optical frequency standards and robust engineering control of atomic interferences in atomic, molecular, and optical physics with cold matter and antimatter.

AB - In 1949, Ramsey's method [Phys. Rev. 76, 996 (1949)PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.76.996] of separated oscillating fields was elaborated boosting over many decades metrological performances of atomic clocks and becoming the standard technique for very high-precision spectroscopic measurements. A generalization of this interferometric method is presented replacing the two single coherent excitations by arbitrary composite laser pulses. The rotation of the state vector of a two-level system under the effect of a single pulse is described using the Pauli matrices basis of the SU(2) group. It is then generalized to multiple excitation pulses by a recursive Euler-Rodrigues-Gibbs algorithm describing a composition of rotations with different rotation axes. A general analytical formula for the phase shift associated with the clock's interferometric signal is derived. As illustrations, hyper-clocks based on three-pulse and five-pulse interrogation protocols are studied and shown to exhibit nonlinear cubic and quintic sensitivities to residual probe-induced light shifts. The presented formalism is well suited to optimize composite phase shifts produced by tailored quantum algorithms in order to design a new generation of optical frequency standards and robust engineering control of atomic interferences in atomic, molecular, and optical physics with cold matter and antimatter.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131887030&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7033323d-68a4-33f6-ae8d-cedb57e73bb8/

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023117

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023117

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85131887030

VL - 4

JO - Physical Review Research

JF - Physical Review Research

SN - 2643-1564

IS - 2

M1 - 023117

ER -