TY - JOUR

T1 - Relationship between the characteristics of bread wheat grains, storage time and germination

AU - Afonnikov, Dmitry A.

AU - Komyshev, Evgenii G.

AU - Efimov, Vadim M.

AU - Genaev, Mikhail A.

AU - Koval, Vasily S.

AU - Gierke, Peter U.

AU - Börner, Andreas

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: The phenotyping of the wheat seeds and the developing of the image processing algorithms were funded by the Kurchatov Genome Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 075-15-2019-1662. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Carola Rudolph und Ronny Warzecha for their excellent contribution performing the germination assays. Plant seeds were evaluated in the ICG greenhouse facility (supported by the budget project 0259-2021-0012). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/1/1

Y1 - 2022/1/1

N2 - Seed storage is important to farmers, breeders and for germplasm preservation. During storage, seeds accumulate damage at the structural and metabolic level, which disrupt their function and reduce resistance to adverse external conditions. In this regard, issues related to seed aging prove to be relevant for maintaining the viability of genetic collections. We analyzed morphological characteristics of grains and their coat color for 44 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of bread wheat grown in four different seasons, 2003, 2004, 2009 and 2014. Our investigations were performed in 2020. For 19 RILs from the same seasons germination was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that genotype significantly affects the variability of all seed traits, and the year of harvesting affects about 80% of them (including all the traits of shape and size). To identify the trend between changes in grain characteristics and harvesting year, we estimated correlation coefficients between them. No significant trend was detected for the grain shape/size traits, while 90% of the color traits demonstrated such a trend. The most significant negative correlations were found between the harvesting year and the traits of grain redness: the greater the storage time, the more intensive is red color component for the grains. At the same time, it was shown that grains of longer storage time (earlier harvesting year) have lighter coat. Analysis of linear correlations between germination of wheat seeds of different genotypes and harvesting years and their seed traits revealed a negative linear relationship between the red component of coat color and germination: the redder the grains, the lower their germination rate. The results obtained demonstrate manifestations of metabolic changes in the coat of grains associated with storage time and their relationship with a decrease of seed viability.

AB - Seed storage is important to farmers, breeders and for germplasm preservation. During storage, seeds accumulate damage at the structural and metabolic level, which disrupt their function and reduce resistance to adverse external conditions. In this regard, issues related to seed aging prove to be relevant for maintaining the viability of genetic collections. We analyzed morphological characteristics of grains and their coat color for 44 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of bread wheat grown in four different seasons, 2003, 2004, 2009 and 2014. Our investigations were performed in 2020. For 19 RILs from the same seasons germination was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that genotype significantly affects the variability of all seed traits, and the year of harvesting affects about 80% of them (including all the traits of shape and size). To identify the trend between changes in grain characteristics and harvesting year, we estimated correlation coefficients between them. No significant trend was detected for the grain shape/size traits, while 90% of the color traits demonstrated such a trend. The most significant negative correlations were found between the harvesting year and the traits of grain redness: the greater the storage time, the more intensive is red color component for the grains. At the same time, it was shown that grains of longer storage time (earlier harvesting year) have lighter coat. Analysis of linear correlations between germination of wheat seeds of different genotypes and harvesting years and their seed traits revealed a negative linear relationship between the red component of coat color and germination: the redder the grains, the lower their germination rate. The results obtained demonstrate manifestations of metabolic changes in the coat of grains associated with storage time and their relationship with a decrease of seed viability.

KW - Germination

KW - Image analysis

KW - Seed aging

KW - Seed coat color

KW - Seed traits

KW - Wheat grains

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121529583&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/plants11010035

DO - 10.3390/plants11010035

M3 - Article

C2 - 35009042

AN - SCOPUS:85121529583

VL - 11

JO - Plants

JF - Plants

SN - 2223-7747

IS - 1

M1 - 35

ER -