TY - JOUR

T1 - PID Controlling Approach Based on FBG Array Measurements for Laser Ablation of Pancreatic Tissues

AU - Korganbayev, Sanzhar

AU - Orrico, Annalisa

AU - Bianchi, Leonardo

AU - Paloschi, Davide

AU - Wolf, Alexey

AU - Dostovalov, Alexander

AU - Saccomandi, Paola

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received August 11, 2021; accepted September 5, 2021. Date of publication September 20, 2021; date of current version September 29, 2021. This work was supported by the European Research Council through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant 759159. The work of Alexey Wolf and Alexander Dostovalov was supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Grant 14.Y26.31.0017. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process was Yuya Koyama. (Corresponding author: Paola Saccomandi.) Sanzhar Korganbayev, Annalisa Orrico, Leonardo Bianchi, Davide Paloschi, and Paola Saccomandi are with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy (e-mail: sanzhar.korganbayev@ polimi.it; annalisa.orrico@polimi.it; leonardo.bianchi@polimi.it; davide.paloschi@polimi.it; paola.saccomandi@polimi.it). Publisher Copyright: © 1963-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - In this article, we propose a temperature-based proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controlling algorithm using highly dense fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays for laser ablation (LA) of ex vivo pancreatic tissues. Custom-made highly dense FBG arrays with a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm were fabricated with the femtosecond point-by-point writing technology and optimized for LA applications. In order to obtain proper PID gain values, finite element method-based iterative simulation of different PID gains was performed. Then, the proposed algorithm, with numerically derived PID gains, was experimentally validated. In the experiments, the point temperature was controlled at different distances from the laser fiber tip (6.0, 7.2, 8.4, and 10.8 mm). The obtained results report robust controlling and correlation between controlled distance and the resulting area of ablation. The results of the work encourage further investigation of FBG array application for LA control.

AB - In this article, we propose a temperature-based proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controlling algorithm using highly dense fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays for laser ablation (LA) of ex vivo pancreatic tissues. Custom-made highly dense FBG arrays with a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm were fabricated with the femtosecond point-by-point writing technology and optimized for LA applications. In order to obtain proper PID gain values, finite element method-based iterative simulation of different PID gains was performed. Then, the proposed algorithm, with numerically derived PID gains, was experimentally validated. In the experiments, the point temperature was controlled at different distances from the laser fiber tip (6.0, 7.2, 8.4, and 10.8 mm). The obtained results report robust controlling and correlation between controlled distance and the resulting area of ablation. The results of the work encourage further investigation of FBG array application for LA control.

KW - Closed-loop temperature control

KW - feedback system

KW - fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors

KW - optical fiber

KW - pancreas

KW - proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control

KW - temperature monitoring

KW - thermal ablation (TA)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115674705&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/TIM.2021.3112790

DO - 10.1109/TIM.2021.3112790

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85115674705

VL - 70

JO - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

JF - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

SN - 0018-9456

ER -