TY - JOUR

T1 - Personality development from early childhood through adolescence

AU - Slobodskaya, Helena R.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant # 19-013-00034 (data collection) and the Russian Science Foundation grant # 16-18-00003 (preparation of this manuscript). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/4

Y1 - 2021/4

N2 - Recent years have seen a great increase in research on personality development; however, most research has employed self-report questionnaires and concerned individuals older than 10 years. Whereas individual differences in younger children have traditionally been studied as temperament, studies have begun to explore personality development in the first ten years of life using parent and teacher ratings. The Big Five traits of Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness have accumulated the most evidence on age changes in personality; relatively less is known about age differences in lower-order traits, and evidence on the development of the higher-order traits is lacking. In this article, I briefly describe the hierarchical structure of child and adolescent personality, summarise research on developmental trends in mean levels of personality traits across the first ten years of life and in adolescence and address gender differences in the development of traits. I conclude by highlighting some directions for future research. The scope of the present review is limited to normal personality traits in childhood and adolescence measured by widely used instruments.

AB - Recent years have seen a great increase in research on personality development; however, most research has employed self-report questionnaires and concerned individuals older than 10 years. Whereas individual differences in younger children have traditionally been studied as temperament, studies have begun to explore personality development in the first ten years of life using parent and teacher ratings. The Big Five traits of Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness have accumulated the most evidence on age changes in personality; relatively less is known about age differences in lower-order traits, and evidence on the development of the higher-order traits is lacking. In this article, I briefly describe the hierarchical structure of child and adolescent personality, summarise research on developmental trends in mean levels of personality traits across the first ten years of life and in adolescence and address gender differences in the development of traits. I conclude by highlighting some directions for future research. The scope of the present review is limited to normal personality traits in childhood and adolescence measured by widely used instruments.

KW - Adolescence

KW - Childhood

KW - Gender differences

KW - Mean-level age differences

KW - Personality development

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098730705&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ac7ee6ab-fa84-33a3-8584-3ff131350084/

U2 - 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110596

DO - 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110596

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85098730705

VL - 172

JO - Personality and Individual Differences

JF - Personality and Individual Differences

SN - 0191-8869

M1 - 110596

ER -