TY - JOUR

T1 - Participants in Transcription–Replication Conflict and Their Role in Formation and Resolution of R-Loops

AU - Davletgildeeva, Anastasiia T.

AU - Kuznetsov, Nikita A.

N1 - This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 23-44-00064. Partial support by Russian state-funded project No. 121031300041-4 for the routine maintenance of equipment is also acknowledged.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - The DNA of all living organisms is a common matrix for both replication and transcription processes. This sometimes leads to inevitable collisions between DNA replication and transcription machinery. There is plethora of evidence demonstrating that such collisions (or TRCs) are one of the most common and significant reasons for genomic instability. One of the key outcomes of TRCs is the accumulation of non-canonical DNA secondary structures, including R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded DNA–RNA hybrids with a displaced third single-stranded DNA fragment. Although R-loops are thought to play several functional roles in biological processes, an imbalance in their metabolism has been proven to have severe consequences. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of the participants in the process of R-loop regulation in cells, with an emphasis on eukaryotic systems. We also touch upon the conditions favoring TRCs and the possible ways of dealing with these conflicts.

AB - The DNA of all living organisms is a common matrix for both replication and transcription processes. This sometimes leads to inevitable collisions between DNA replication and transcription machinery. There is plethora of evidence demonstrating that such collisions (or TRCs) are one of the most common and significant reasons for genomic instability. One of the key outcomes of TRCs is the accumulation of non-canonical DNA secondary structures, including R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded DNA–RNA hybrids with a displaced third single-stranded DNA fragment. Although R-loops are thought to play several functional roles in biological processes, an imbalance in their metabolism has been proven to have severe consequences. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of the participants in the process of R-loop regulation in cells, with an emphasis on eukaryotic systems. We also touch upon the conditions favoring TRCs and the possible ways of dealing with these conflicts.

KW - R-loop

KW - enzymatic activity

KW - enzyme kinetics

KW - genomic instability

KW - non-B DNA structure

KW - processivity

KW - replication fork stalling

KW - transcriptional pausing

KW - transcription–replication conflict

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011707560

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/cb969d65-eedc-3ffe-8a20-6857fd0ac314/

U2 - 10.3390/ijms26146951

DO - 10.3390/ijms26146951

M3 - Article

C2 - 40725198

VL - 26

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

SN - 1661-6596

IS - 14

M1 - 6951

ER -