TY - JOUR

T1 - New insights into phasmatodea chromosomes

AU - Liehr, Thomas

AU - Buleu, Olesya

AU - Karamysheva, Tatyana

AU - Bugrov, Alexander

AU - Rubtsov, Nikolai

PY - 2017/11/17

Y1 - 2017/11/17

N2 - Currently, approximately 3000 species of stick insects are known; however, chromosome numbers, which range between 21 and 88, are known for only a few of these insects. Also, centromere banding staining (C-banding) patterns were described for fewer than 10 species, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied exclusively in two Leptynia species. Interestingly, 10–25% of stick insects (Phasmatodea) are obligatory or facultative parthenogenetic. As clonal and/or bisexual reproduction can affect chromosomal evolution, stick insect karyotypes need to be studied more intensely. Chromosome preparation from embryos of five Phasmatodea species (Medauroidea extradentata, Sungaya inexpectata, Sipyloidea sipylus, Phaenopharos khaoyaiensis, and Peruphasma schultei) from four families were studied here by C-banding and FISH applying ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) and telomeric repeat probes. For three species, data on chromosome numbers and structure were obtained here for the first time, i.e., S. inexpectata, P. khaoyaiensis, and P. schultei. Large C-positive regions enriched with rDNA were identified in all five studied, distantly related species. Some of these C-positive blocks were enriched for telomeric repeats, as well. Chromosomal evolution of stick insects is characterized by variations in chromosome numbers as well as transposition and amplification of repetitive DNA sequences. Here, the first steps were made towards identification of individual chromosomes in Phasmatodea.

AB - Currently, approximately 3000 species of stick insects are known; however, chromosome numbers, which range between 21 and 88, are known for only a few of these insects. Also, centromere banding staining (C-banding) patterns were described for fewer than 10 species, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied exclusively in two Leptynia species. Interestingly, 10–25% of stick insects (Phasmatodea) are obligatory or facultative parthenogenetic. As clonal and/or bisexual reproduction can affect chromosomal evolution, stick insect karyotypes need to be studied more intensely. Chromosome preparation from embryos of five Phasmatodea species (Medauroidea extradentata, Sungaya inexpectata, Sipyloidea sipylus, Phaenopharos khaoyaiensis, and Peruphasma schultei) from four families were studied here by C-banding and FISH applying ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) and telomeric repeat probes. For three species, data on chromosome numbers and structure were obtained here for the first time, i.e., S. inexpectata, P. khaoyaiensis, and P. schultei. Large C-positive regions enriched with rDNA were identified in all five studied, distantly related species. Some of these C-positive blocks were enriched for telomeric repeats, as well. Chromosomal evolution of stick insects is characterized by variations in chromosome numbers as well as transposition and amplification of repetitive DNA sequences. Here, the first steps were made towards identification of individual chromosomes in Phasmatodea.

KW - C-banding

KW - Fluorescence in situ hybridization

KW - Interstitial telomeric sequences

KW - Phasmatodea

KW - Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid

KW - Stick insects

KW - Telomeric repeats

KW - B-CHROMOSOMES

KW - ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid

KW - TELOMERIC SEQUENCES

KW - CLONOPSIS-GALLICA

KW - INSECTA PHASMATODEA

KW - ACRIDIDAE

KW - SOREX-GRANARIUS SORICIDAE

KW - stick insects

KW - ORTHOPTERA

KW - fluorescence in situ hybridization

KW - ORGANIZATION

KW - EVOLUTION

KW - telomeric repeats

KW - DNA

KW - interstitial telomeric sequences

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034752338&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/genes8110327

DO - 10.3390/genes8110327

M3 - Article

C2 - 29149047

AN - SCOPUS:85034752338

VL - 8

JO - Genes

JF - Genes

SN - 2073-4425

IS - 11

M1 - 327

ER -