TY - JOUR

T1 - Mechanisms of the Action of Fire-Retardants on Reducing the Flammability of Certain Classes of Polymers and Glass-Reinforced Plastics Based on the Study of Their Combustion

AU - Korobeinichev, Oleg

AU - Shmakov, Andrey

AU - Paletsky, Alexander

AU - Trubachev, Stanislav

AU - Shaklein, Artem

AU - Karpov, Alexander

AU - Sosnin, Egor

AU - Kostritsa, Sergey

AU - Kumar, Amit

AU - Shvartsberg, Vladimir

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 20-19-00295. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2022/11

Y1 - 2022/11

N2 - In the present review, using an integrated approach based on the experimental and theoretical study of the processes of thermal decomposition and combustion of practically important polymers, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, the features of the mechanism for reducing the combustibility of these materials with phosphorus-containing flame-retardants (FR), as well as graphene, are identified. A set of original experimental methods was developed and applied that make it possible to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition and the thermal and chemical structure of the flames of the studied materials, including those with FR additives, as well as to measure the flame propagation velocity, the mass burning rate, and the heat fluxes from the flame on the surface of a material. Numerical models were developed and tested to describe the key parameters of the flames of the studied polymeric materials. An analysis of the experimental and numerical simulation data presented showed that the main effect of phosphorus-containing fire-retardants on reducing the combustibility of these materials is associated with the inhibition of combustion processes in the gas phase, and the effect of adding graphene manifests itself in both gas and condensed phases.

AB - In the present review, using an integrated approach based on the experimental and theoretical study of the processes of thermal decomposition and combustion of practically important polymers, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, the features of the mechanism for reducing the combustibility of these materials with phosphorus-containing flame-retardants (FR), as well as graphene, are identified. A set of original experimental methods was developed and applied that make it possible to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition and the thermal and chemical structure of the flames of the studied materials, including those with FR additives, as well as to measure the flame propagation velocity, the mass burning rate, and the heat fluxes from the flame on the surface of a material. Numerical models were developed and tested to describe the key parameters of the flames of the studied polymeric materials. An analysis of the experimental and numerical simulation data presented showed that the main effect of phosphorus-containing fire-retardants on reducing the combustibility of these materials is associated with the inhibition of combustion processes in the gas phase, and the effect of adding graphene manifests itself in both gas and condensed phases.

KW - counterflow

KW - flame spread

KW - flame structure

KW - flame-retardants

KW - flammability

KW - inhibition mechanism

KW - numerical modeling

KW - opposed flow

KW - polymer composites

KW - pyrolysis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141831974&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/778e231f-9917-32f1-9d96-685b2763c458/

U2 - 10.3390/polym14214523

DO - 10.3390/polym14214523

M3 - Review article

C2 - 36365531

AN - SCOPUS:85141831974

VL - 14

JO - Polymers

JF - Polymers

SN - 2073-4360

IS - 21

M1 - 4523

ER -