TY - JOUR

T1 - Genes WHEAT FRIZZY PANICLE and SHAM RAMIFICATION 2 independently regulate differentiation of floral meristems in wheat

AU - Dobrovolskaya, Oxana B.

AU - Amagai, Yumiko

AU - Popova, Karina I.

AU - Dresvyannikova, Alina E.

AU - Krasnikov, Alexander A.

AU - Watanabe, Nobuyoshi

PY - 2017/12/28

Y1 - 2017/12/28

N2 - Background: Inflorescences of wheat species, spikes, are characteristically unbranched and bear one sessile spikelet at a spike rachis node. Development of supernumerary spikelets (SSs) at rachis nodes or on the extended rachillas is abnormal. Various wheat morphotypes with altered spike morphology, associated with the development of SSs, present an important genetic resource for studies on genetic regulation of wheat inflorescence development. Results: Here we characterized diploid and tetraploid wheat lines of various non-standard spike morphotypes, which allowed for identification of a new mutant allele of the WHEAT FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) gene that determines spike branching in diploid wheat Ttiticum monococcum L. Moreover, we found that the development of SSs and spike branching in wheat T. durum Desf. was a result of a wfzp-A/TtBH-A1 mutation that originated from spontaneous hybridization with T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat. Detailed characterization of the false-true ramification phenotype controlled by the recessive sham ramification 2 (shr2) gene in tetraploid wheat T. turgidum L. allowed us to suggest putative functions of the SHR2 gene that may be involved in the regulation of spikelet meristem fate and in specification of floret meristems. The results of a gene interaction test suggested that genes WFZP and SHR2 function independently in different processes during spikelet development, whereas another spike ramification gene(s) interact(s) with SHR2 and share(s) common functions. Conclusions: SS mutants represent an important genetic tool for research on the development of the wheat spikelet and for identification of genes that control meristem activities. Further studies on different non-standard SS morphotypes and wheat lines with altered spike morphology will allow researchers to identify new genes that control meristem identity and determinacy, to elucidate the interaction between the genes, and to understand how these genes, acting in concert, regulate the development of the wheat spike.

AB - Background: Inflorescences of wheat species, spikes, are characteristically unbranched and bear one sessile spikelet at a spike rachis node. Development of supernumerary spikelets (SSs) at rachis nodes or on the extended rachillas is abnormal. Various wheat morphotypes with altered spike morphology, associated with the development of SSs, present an important genetic resource for studies on genetic regulation of wheat inflorescence development. Results: Here we characterized diploid and tetraploid wheat lines of various non-standard spike morphotypes, which allowed for identification of a new mutant allele of the WHEAT FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) gene that determines spike branching in diploid wheat Ttiticum monococcum L. Moreover, we found that the development of SSs and spike branching in wheat T. durum Desf. was a result of a wfzp-A/TtBH-A1 mutation that originated from spontaneous hybridization with T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat. Detailed characterization of the false-true ramification phenotype controlled by the recessive sham ramification 2 (shr2) gene in tetraploid wheat T. turgidum L. allowed us to suggest putative functions of the SHR2 gene that may be involved in the regulation of spikelet meristem fate and in specification of floret meristems. The results of a gene interaction test suggested that genes WFZP and SHR2 function independently in different processes during spikelet development, whereas another spike ramification gene(s) interact(s) with SHR2 and share(s) common functions. Conclusions: SS mutants represent an important genetic tool for research on the development of the wheat spikelet and for identification of genes that control meristem activities. Further studies on different non-standard SS morphotypes and wheat lines with altered spike morphology will allow researchers to identify new genes that control meristem identity and determinacy, to elucidate the interaction between the genes, and to understand how these genes, acting in concert, regulate the development of the wheat spike.

KW - False-true ramification

KW - Frizzy

KW - Grasses

KW - Inflorescence development

KW - Meristem

KW - panicle

KW - Sham ramification 2

KW - Spike

KW - Spike branching

KW - Wheat

KW - Triticum/genetics

KW - Flowers/growth & development

KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics

KW - Genes, Plant/genetics

KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics

KW - Meristem/growth & development

KW - SYSTEM

KW - INFLORESCENCE

KW - BRANCHED SPIKE

KW - NUMBER

KW - FORM

KW - IDENTITY

KW - SUPERNUMERARY SPIKELETS

KW - Frizzy panicle

KW - INHERITANCE

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85039742569&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/s12870-017-1191-3

DO - 10.1186/s12870-017-1191-3

M3 - Article

C2 - 29297328

AN - SCOPUS:85039742569

VL - 17

SP - 252

JO - BMC Plant Biology

JF - BMC Plant Biology

SN - 1471-2229

IS - Suppl 2

M1 - 252

ER -