TY - JOUR

T1 - Genes that control vaccinia virus immunogenicity

AU - Shchelkunov, S. N.

AU - Shchelkunova, G. A.

N1 - Щелкунов С.Н., Щелкунова Г.А. Гены, влияющие на иммуногенность вируса осповакцины // Acta Naturae. - 2020. - Т. 12. - № 1. - C. 33-41

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

N2 - The live smallpox vaccine was a historical first and highly effective vaccine. However, along with high immunogenicity, the vaccinia virus (VACV) caused serious side effects in vaccinees, sometimes with lethal outcomes. Therefore, after global eradication of smallpox, VACV vaccination was stopped. For this reason, most of the human population worldwide lacks specific immunity against not only smallpox, but also other zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Outbreaks of diseases caused by these viruses have increasingly occurred in humans on different continents. However, use of the classical live VACV vaccine for prevention against these diseases is unacceptable because of potential serious side effects, especially in individuals with suppressed immunity or immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV-infected patients). Therefore, highly attenuated VACV variants that preserve their immunogenicity are needed. This review discusses current ideas about the development of a humoral and cellular immune response to orthopoxvirus infection/vaccination and describes genetic engineering approaches that could be utilized to generate safe and highly immunogenic live VACV vaccines.

AB - The live smallpox vaccine was a historical first and highly effective vaccine. However, along with high immunogenicity, the vaccinia virus (VACV) caused serious side effects in vaccinees, sometimes with lethal outcomes. Therefore, after global eradication of smallpox, VACV vaccination was stopped. For this reason, most of the human population worldwide lacks specific immunity against not only smallpox, but also other zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Outbreaks of diseases caused by these viruses have increasingly occurred in humans on different continents. However, use of the classical live VACV vaccine for prevention against these diseases is unacceptable because of potential serious side effects, especially in individuals with suppressed immunity or immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV-infected patients). Therefore, highly attenuated VACV variants that preserve their immunogenicity are needed. This review discusses current ideas about the development of a humoral and cellular immune response to orthopoxvirus infection/vaccination and describes genetic engineering approaches that could be utilized to generate safe and highly immunogenic live VACV vaccines.

KW - Immune modulating proteins

KW - Immunogenicity

KW - Protectiveness

KW - Smallpox

KW - Vaccination

KW - IMMUNE-RESPONSE

KW - immune modulating proteins

KW - PROTECTION

KW - smallpox

KW - VIRULENCE

KW - immunogenicity

KW - protectiveness

KW - DELETION

KW - ATTENUATION

KW - COWPOX

KW - SMALLPOX VACCINE

KW - POXVIRUS INFECTION

KW - ANTIBODY-RESPONSES

KW - HORSEPOX

KW - vaccination

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086405929&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.32607/actanaturae.10935

DO - 10.32607/actanaturae.10935

M3 - Review article

C2 - 32477596

AN - SCOPUS:85086405929

VL - 12

SP - 33

EP - 41

JO - Acta Naturae

JF - Acta Naturae

SN - 2075-8251

IS - 1

ER -