TY - JOUR

T1 - Flame-Retardant Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resins with Phosphorus-Containing Bio-Based Benzoxazines and Graphene

AU - Trubachev, Stanislav

AU - Paletsky, Alexander

AU - Sosnin, Egor

AU - Tuzhikov, Oleg

AU - Buravov, Boris

AU - Shmakov, Andrey

AU - Chernov, Anatoliy

AU - Kulikov, Ilya

AU - Sagitov, Albert

AU - Hu, Yuan

AU - Wang, Xin

N1 - This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 20-19-00295.

PY - 2024/8/18

Y1 - 2024/8/18

N2 - This paper presents a study of the flammability and thermal decomposition products of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER) with the addition of cardanol-based phosphorus-containing benzoxazine monomer (CBz) and graphene and their combinations in different proportions (up to 20 wt.%). The addition of CBz alone or in combination with graphene resulted in an increase in the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and self-extinguishing in the UL-94 HB test. The flame-retardant samples had better tensile mechanical properties than the sample without additives. The differential mass-spectrometric thermal analysis (DMSTA) of the thermal decomposition products of GFRER without additives and with the addition of CBz and graphene was carried out. CBz addition promoted the thermal decomposition of high-molecular-weight products of epoxy resin decomposition in the condensed phase and at the same time decreased the time of release of low-molecular-weight thermal decomposition products into the gas phase. Graphene addition resulted in an increase in the relative intensities of high-molecular-mass peaks compared to GFRER without additives.

AB - This paper presents a study of the flammability and thermal decomposition products of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER) with the addition of cardanol-based phosphorus-containing benzoxazine monomer (CBz) and graphene and their combinations in different proportions (up to 20 wt.%). The addition of CBz alone or in combination with graphene resulted in an increase in the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and self-extinguishing in the UL-94 HB test. The flame-retardant samples had better tensile mechanical properties than the sample without additives. The differential mass-spectrometric thermal analysis (DMSTA) of the thermal decomposition products of GFRER without additives and with the addition of CBz and graphene was carried out. CBz addition promoted the thermal decomposition of high-molecular-weight products of epoxy resin decomposition in the condensed phase and at the same time decreased the time of release of low-molecular-weight thermal decomposition products into the gas phase. Graphene addition resulted in an increase in the relative intensities of high-molecular-mass peaks compared to GFRER without additives.

KW - benzoxazine

KW - epoxy resin

KW - flame retardants

KW - flammability

KW - glass fiber reinforcement

KW - graphene

KW - mass spectrometry

KW - polymer composites

KW - pyrolysis

KW - thermal degradation

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202433472&origin=inward&txGid=05f15b3a12df2961325b5ef132dd5016

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/90ab0f7b-4bb6-37de-949d-fcced69cf2ae/

U2 - 10.3390/polym16162333

DO - 10.3390/polym16162333

M3 - Article

C2 - 39204553

VL - 16

JO - Polymers

JF - Polymers

SN - 2073-4360

IS - 16

M1 - 2333

ER -