TY - JOUR

T1 - Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of Reactive Oxygen Species by Cyclic Hydroxylamine Spin Probes

AU - Dikalov, Sergey I.

AU - Polienko, Yuliya F.

AU - Kirilyuk, Igor

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

PY - 2018/5/20

Y1 - 2018/5/20

N2 - Significance: Oxidative stress contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions such as development of cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. A variety of measurements of oxidative stress markers in biological systems have been developed; however, many of these methods are not specific, can produce artifacts, and do not directly detect the free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a unique tool that allows direct measurements of free radical species. Cyclic hydroxylamines are useful and convenient molecular probes that readily react with ROS to produce stable nitroxide radicals, which can be quantitatively measured by EPR. In this work, we critically review recent applications of various cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes in biology to study oxidative stress, their advantages, and the shortcomings. Recent Advances: In the past decade, a number of new cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes have been developed and their successful application for ROS measurement using EPR has been published. These new state-of-the-art methods provide improved selectivity and sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo studies. Critical Issues: Although cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes EPR application has been previously described, there has been lack of translation of these new methods into biomedical research, limiting their widespread use. This work summarizes "best practice" in applications of cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to assist with EPR studies of oxidative stress. Future Directions: Additional studies to advance hydroxylamine spin probes from the "basic science" to biomedical applications are needed and could lead to better understanding of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1433-1443.

AB - Significance: Oxidative stress contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions such as development of cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. A variety of measurements of oxidative stress markers in biological systems have been developed; however, many of these methods are not specific, can produce artifacts, and do not directly detect the free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a unique tool that allows direct measurements of free radical species. Cyclic hydroxylamines are useful and convenient molecular probes that readily react with ROS to produce stable nitroxide radicals, which can be quantitatively measured by EPR. In this work, we critically review recent applications of various cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes in biology to study oxidative stress, their advantages, and the shortcomings. Recent Advances: In the past decade, a number of new cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes have been developed and their successful application for ROS measurement using EPR has been published. These new state-of-the-art methods provide improved selectivity and sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo studies. Critical Issues: Although cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes EPR application has been previously described, there has been lack of translation of these new methods into biomedical research, limiting their widespread use. This work summarizes "best practice" in applications of cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to assist with EPR studies of oxidative stress. Future Directions: Additional studies to advance hydroxylamine spin probes from the "basic science" to biomedical applications are needed and could lead to better understanding of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1433-1443.

KW - electron paramagnetic resonance

KW - electron spin resonance

KW - hydroxylamine spin probes

KW - reactive oxygen species

KW - superoxide

KW - NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE

KW - SUPEROXIDE RADICALS

KW - ACYL-PROTECTED HYDROXYLAMINES

KW - INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS

KW - OXOAMMONIUM CATION

KW - ESR-SPECTROSCOPY

KW - IN-VIVO

KW - VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION

KW - INTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE

KW - BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045506809&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1089/ars.2017.7396

DO - 10.1089/ars.2017.7396

M3 - Review article

C2 - 29037084

AN - SCOPUS:85045506809

VL - 28

SP - 1433

EP - 1443

JO - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

JF - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

SN - 1523-0864

IS - 15

ER -