TY - JOUR

T1 - Electron hydrodynamics and Bernoulli effect in Venturi-shaped two-dimensional systems

AU - Monari, C. A.

AU - Levin, A. D.

AU - Jaroshevich, A. S.

AU - Kvon, Z. D.

AU - Chitta, V. A.

AU - Dmitriev, D. V.

AU - Bakarov, A. K.

AU - Gusev, G. M.

N1 - This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Grants No. 2019/16736-2, No. 2021/12470-8, and No. 2025/22786-3, and by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The growth of GaAs quantum wells and preliminary transport measurements were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. C.A.M. was supported by CAPES, Grant No. 88887.199336/2025-00.

PY - 2026/7/27

Y1 - 2026/7/27

N2 - The study of electron hydrodynamics provides a powerful framework for understanding transport in ultraclean conductors, yet experimental evidence has thus far been largely restricted to the linear response regime. Here, we report the direct observation of a strongly nonlinear transport regime in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system. By engineering devices in a Venturi-shaped (wedge) geometry specifically designed to enhance convective nonlinearities, we uncover a pronounced nonlinear voltage response and a large diodicity in the current-voltage characteristics. Our experimental findings show quantitative agreement with a theoretical model that attributes the observed nonlinearity to the convective acceleration of the electron fluid, analogous to the Bernoulli effect. These results provide compelling evidence for the applicability of the hydrodynamic framework to electron transport in two dimensions and open avenues for exploring nonlinear and preturbulent phenomena in solid-state systems.

AB - The study of electron hydrodynamics provides a powerful framework for understanding transport in ultraclean conductors, yet experimental evidence has thus far been largely restricted to the linear response regime. Here, we report the direct observation of a strongly nonlinear transport regime in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system. By engineering devices in a Venturi-shaped (wedge) geometry specifically designed to enhance convective nonlinearities, we uncover a pronounced nonlinear voltage response and a large diodicity in the current-voltage characteristics. Our experimental findings show quantitative agreement with a theoretical model that attributes the observed nonlinearity to the convective acceleration of the electron fluid, analogous to the Bernoulli effect. These results provide compelling evidence for the applicability of the hydrodynamic framework to electron transport in two dimensions and open avenues for exploring nonlinear and preturbulent phenomena in solid-state systems.

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ce054b4a-84dd-3c75-9b91-8dd464e671fc/

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105051554824

U2 - 10.1103/VCJ7-CYLL

DO - 10.1103/VCJ7-CYLL

M3 - Article

VL - 114

JO - Physical Review B

JF - Physical Review B

SN - 2469-9950

IS - 4

M1 - 045305

ER -