TY - JOUR

T1 - Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

AU - (AWAKE Collaboration)

AU - Verra, L.

AU - Wyler, S.

AU - Nechaeva, T.

AU - Pucek, J.

AU - Bencini, V.

AU - Bergamaschi, M.

AU - Ranc, L.

AU - Della Porta, G. Zevi

AU - Gschwendtner, E.

AU - Muggli, P.

AU - Agnello, R.

AU - Ahdida, C. C.

AU - Amoedo, C.

AU - Andrebe, Y.

AU - Apsimon, O.

AU - Apsimon, R.

AU - Arnesano, J. M.

AU - Blanchard, P.

AU - Burrows, P. N.

AU - Buttenschön, B.

AU - Caldwell, A.

AU - Chung, M.

AU - Cooke, D. A.

AU - Davut, C.

AU - Demeter, G.

AU - Dexter, A. C.

AU - Doebert, S.

AU - Elverson, F. A.

AU - Farmer, J.

AU - Fasoli, A.

AU - Fonseca, R.

AU - Furno, I.

AU - Gorn, A.

AU - Granados, E.

AU - Granetzny, M.

AU - Graubner, T.

AU - Grulke, O.

AU - Guran, E.

AU - Henderson, J.

AU - Kim, S. Y.

AU - Kraus, F.

AU - Krupa, M.

AU - Lefevre, T.

AU - Liang, L.

AU - Liu, S.

AU - Lopes, N.

AU - Lotov, K.

AU - Kedves, M.

AU - Tuev, P.

AU - Yarygova, V.

N1 - This work was supported in parts by STFC (AWAKE-UK, Cockcroft Institute core, John Adams Institute core, and UCL consolidated grants), United Kingdom and the National Research Foundation of Korea (Nos. NRF-2016R1A5A1013277 and NRF-2020R1A2C1010835). M. Wing acknowledges the support of DESY, Hamburg. The support of the National Office for Research, Development and Innovation (NKFIH) under contract numbers 2019-2.1.6-NEMZ_KI-2019-00004, and the support of the Wigner Datacenter Cloud facility through the Awakelaser project is acknowledged. TRIUMF contribution is supported by NSERC of Canada. The AWAKE collaboration acknowledges the SPS team for their excellent proton delivery. Публикация для корректировки.

PY - 2023/8/1

Y1 - 2023/8/1

N2 - Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

AB - Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85171298015&origin=inward&txGid=737f603cf3f0de582c08c9981b897b74#

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/a521b622-a7e4-387b-a650-b91b42123701/

U2 - 10.1063/5.0157391

DO - 10.1063/5.0157391

M3 - Article

VL - 30

JO - Physics of Plasmas

JF - Physics of Plasmas

SN - 1070-664X

IS - 8

M1 - 083104

ER -