TY - JOUR

T1 - Determination of heavy metals in urine by ICP-MS and ICP-OES with sorption preconcentration of analytes using graphene oxide

AU - Medvedev, N. S.

AU - Kurbatova, V. D.

AU - Frolova, A. O.

AU - Guselnikova, T. Ya

AU - Troitskii, D. Yu

AU - Makotchenko, V. G.

AU - Saprykin, A. I.

AU - Korolkov, I. V.

N1 - The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 23-23-00058, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-23-00058/

PY - 2025/3/11

Y1 - 2025/3/11

N2 - Graphene oxide (GO) is used for sorption preconcentration of heavy metals (HMs) from aqueous solutions, where the influence of the matrix is insignificant, or from biological samples, but existing methods are mainly aimed at determining one or a few analytes. However, for complete information of the state of the organism and the environment, it is advisable to perform multi-element analysis of samples. In this paper, the method of urine analysis including preconcentration of heavy metals (HMs) and other analytes from solutions on the graphene oxide and analysis of analyte concentrates by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is developed. GO was obtained from graphite oxide by microwave radiation influence. The microwave digestion method was used for the urine sample preparation to eliminate the interfering influence of the sample matrix organic compounds, after which sorption preconcentration of analytes on GO was performed. The use of sorption preconcentration allows to improve limits of detection (LODs) of analytes by 3–60 times comparing to ICP-MS and ICP-OES analysis of urine samples. The LODs of Bi, Cd, Ce, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, In, Lu, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb and Zn from 0.3 to 2000 ng L−1 are achieved. Accuracy of developed method was confirmed by «spike» experiment. The developed method was applied to analysis of real urine samples. The results of analysis by ICP-MS and ICP-OES with preconcentration of analytes and without preconcentration were in good agreement. The future applications include development of methods of multielement analysis of other biological fluids, for example blood or saliva, using of graphene oxide materials with nitrogen-containing functional groups for increasing of the sorption capacity, employment electrothermal vaporisation or ultrasonic nebulisation for introduction of analyte concentrates into the ICP after sorption preconcentration.

AB - Graphene oxide (GO) is used for sorption preconcentration of heavy metals (HMs) from aqueous solutions, where the influence of the matrix is insignificant, or from biological samples, but existing methods are mainly aimed at determining one or a few analytes. However, for complete information of the state of the organism and the environment, it is advisable to perform multi-element analysis of samples. In this paper, the method of urine analysis including preconcentration of heavy metals (HMs) and other analytes from solutions on the graphene oxide and analysis of analyte concentrates by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is developed. GO was obtained from graphite oxide by microwave radiation influence. The microwave digestion method was used for the urine sample preparation to eliminate the interfering influence of the sample matrix organic compounds, after which sorption preconcentration of analytes on GO was performed. The use of sorption preconcentration allows to improve limits of detection (LODs) of analytes by 3–60 times comparing to ICP-MS and ICP-OES analysis of urine samples. The LODs of Bi, Cd, Ce, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, In, Lu, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb and Zn from 0.3 to 2000 ng L−1 are achieved. Accuracy of developed method was confirmed by «spike» experiment. The developed method was applied to analysis of real urine samples. The results of analysis by ICP-MS and ICP-OES with preconcentration of analytes and without preconcentration were in good agreement. The future applications include development of methods of multielement analysis of other biological fluids, for example blood or saliva, using of graphene oxide materials with nitrogen-containing functional groups for increasing of the sorption capacity, employment electrothermal vaporisation or ultrasonic nebulisation for introduction of analyte concentrates into the ICP after sorption preconcentration.

KW - Heavy metals

KW - graphene oxide

KW - human biomonitoring

KW - inductively coupled plasma

KW - mass-spectrometry

KW - sorption preconcentration

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/22bfc3a0-f91f-3fb4-9889-6e4d4e211c47/

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105000185625&origin=inward&txGid=59057d3a49502550f626a690e31f5e39

U2 - 10.1080/03067319.2025.2475485

DO - 10.1080/03067319.2025.2475485

M3 - статья

JO - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

SN - 1029-0397

ER -