TY - JOUR

T1 - Complete resource pooling of a load-balancing policy for a network of battery swapping stations

AU - Sloothaak, Fiona

AU - Cruise, James

AU - Shneer, Seva

AU - Vlasiou, Maria

AU - Zwart, Bert

N1 - Funding Information: This research is supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research through the programs Gravitation NETWORKS Grant 024.002.003, VICI Grant 639.033.413 and MEERVOUD Grant 632.003.002. The work of Seva Shneer is supported by the Mathematical Center in Akademgorodok under Agreement No. 075-15-2019-1675 with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).

PY - 2021/10

Y1 - 2021/10

N2 - To reduce carbon emission in the transportation sector, there is currently a steady move taking place to an electrified transportation system. This brings about various issues for which a promising solution involves the construction and operation of a battery swapping infrastructure rather than in-vehicle charging of batteries. In this paper, we study a closed Markovian queueing network that allows for spare batteries under a dynamic arrival policy. We propose a provisioning rule for the capacity levels and show that these lead to near-optimal resource utilization, while guaranteeing good quality-of-service levels for electric vehicle users. Key in the derivations is to prove a state-space collapse result, which in turn implies that performance levels are as good as if there would have been a single station with an aggregated number of resources, thus achieving complete resource pooling.

AB - To reduce carbon emission in the transportation sector, there is currently a steady move taking place to an electrified transportation system. This brings about various issues for which a promising solution involves the construction and operation of a battery swapping infrastructure rather than in-vehicle charging of batteries. In this paper, we study a closed Markovian queueing network that allows for spare batteries under a dynamic arrival policy. We propose a provisioning rule for the capacity levels and show that these lead to near-optimal resource utilization, while guaranteeing good quality-of-service levels for electric vehicle users. Key in the derivations is to prove a state-space collapse result, which in turn implies that performance levels are as good as if there would have been a single station with an aggregated number of resources, thus achieving complete resource pooling.

KW - Battery swapping

KW - Energy

KW - Markov Process

KW - Stochastic model applications

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107356312&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11134-021-09707-w

DO - 10.1007/s11134-021-09707-w

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85107356312

VL - 99

SP - 65

EP - 120

JO - Queueing Systems

JF - Queueing Systems

SN - 0257-0130

IS - 1-2

ER -