TY - JOUR

T1 - Combined atomic clock with blackbody-radiation-shift-induced instability below 10-19under natural environment conditions

AU - Yudin, V. I.

AU - Taichenachev, A. V.

AU - Basalaev, M. Yu

AU - Prudnikov, O. N.

AU - Fürst, H. A.

AU - Mehlstaubler, T. E.

AU - Bagayev, S. N.

N1 - We thank F Riehle, E Peik, Chr Tamm, N Huntemann, and M V Okhapkin for useful discussions and Daniel Bennett for reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 20-52-12024) and funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under German's Excellence Strategy-EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers-390837967 and by DFG Grant No. ME 3648/5-1. V I Yudin was also supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 20-02-00505), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Grant No. FSUS-2020-0036) and Foundation for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics 'BASIS'. A V Taichenachev was also supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 20-12-00081). M Yu Basalaev was also supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 19-29-11014) and Presidential Grant (MK-161.2020.2). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/2

Y1 - 2021/2

N2 - We develop a method of synthetic frequency generation to construct an atomic clock with blackbody radiation (BBR) shift uncertainties below 10-19 at environmental conditions with a very low level of temperature control. The proposed method can be implemented for atoms and ions, which have two different clock transitions with frequencies ν1 and ν2 allowing to form a synthetic reference frequency νsyn = (ν1 - ϵν2)/(1 - ϵ), which is absent in the spectrum of the involved atoms or ions. Calibration coefficient ϵ can be chosen such that the temperature dependence of the BBR shift for the synthetic frequency νsyn has a local extremum at an arbitrary operating temperature T0. This leads to a weak sensitivity of BBR shift with respect to the temperature variations near operating temperature T0. As a specific example, the Yb+ ion is studied in detail, where the utilized optical clock transitions are of electric quadrupole (S → D) and octupole (S → F) type. In this case, temperature variations of ±7 K lead to BBR shift uncertainties of less than 10-19, showing the possibility to construct ultra-precise combined atomic clocks (including portable ones) without the use of cryogenic techniques.

AB - We develop a method of synthetic frequency generation to construct an atomic clock with blackbody radiation (BBR) shift uncertainties below 10-19 at environmental conditions with a very low level of temperature control. The proposed method can be implemented for atoms and ions, which have two different clock transitions with frequencies ν1 and ν2 allowing to form a synthetic reference frequency νsyn = (ν1 - ϵν2)/(1 - ϵ), which is absent in the spectrum of the involved atoms or ions. Calibration coefficient ϵ can be chosen such that the temperature dependence of the BBR shift for the synthetic frequency νsyn has a local extremum at an arbitrary operating temperature T0. This leads to a weak sensitivity of BBR shift with respect to the temperature variations near operating temperature T0. As a specific example, the Yb+ ion is studied in detail, where the utilized optical clock transitions are of electric quadrupole (S → D) and octupole (S → F) type. In this case, temperature variations of ±7 K lead to BBR shift uncertainties of less than 10-19, showing the possibility to construct ultra-precise combined atomic clocks (including portable ones) without the use of cryogenic techniques.

KW - BBR shift

KW - temperature control

KW - ultra-precise atomic clock

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101869290&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/1367-2630/abe160

DO - 10.1088/1367-2630/abe160

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101869290

VL - 23

JO - New Journal of Physics

JF - New Journal of Physics

SN - 1367-2630

IS - 2

M1 - 023032

ER -