TY - JOUR

T1 - Balancing asymmetric dark matter with baryon asymmetry and dilution of frozen dark matter by sphaleron transition

AU - Chaudhuri, Arnab

AU - Khlopov, Maxim Yu

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: The work of A.C. is funded by RSF Grant 19-42-02004. The research by M.K. was financially supported by grant of the Russian Science Foundation (Project No-18-12-00213-P). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/8

Y1 - 2021/8

N2 - In this paper, we study the effect of electroweak sphaleron transition and electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in balancing the baryon excess and the excess stable quarks of the 4th generation. Sphaleron transitions between baryons, leptons and the 4th family of leptons and quarks establish a definite relationship between the value and sign of the 4th family excess and baryon asymmetry. This relationship provides an excess of stable Ū antiquarks, forming dark atoms—the bound state of (ŪŪŪ) the anti-quark cluster and primordial helium nucleus. If EWPT is of the second order and the mass of U quark is about 3.5 TeV, then dark atoms can explain the observed dark matter density. In passing by, we show the small, yet negligible dilution in the pre-existing dark matter density, due to the sphaleron transition.

AB - In this paper, we study the effect of electroweak sphaleron transition and electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in balancing the baryon excess and the excess stable quarks of the 4th generation. Sphaleron transitions between baryons, leptons and the 4th family of leptons and quarks establish a definite relationship between the value and sign of the 4th family excess and baryon asymmetry. This relationship provides an excess of stable Ū antiquarks, forming dark atoms—the bound state of (ŪŪŪ) the anti-quark cluster and primordial helium nucleus. If EWPT is of the second order and the mass of U quark is about 3.5 TeV, then dark atoms can explain the observed dark matter density. In passing by, we show the small, yet negligible dilution in the pre-existing dark matter density, due to the sphaleron transition.

KW - 4th generation

KW - Early universe

KW - Electroweak phase transition

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112280907&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/universe7080275

DO - 10.3390/universe7080275

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85112280907

VL - 7

JO - Universe

JF - Universe

SN - 2218-1997

IS - 8

M1 - 275

ER -