TY - JOUR

T1 - Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture

AU - Timofeeva, Anna M.

AU - Galyamova, Maria R.

AU - Sedykh, Sergey E.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, agreement No. 075-15-2021-1085. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2022/11

Y1 - 2022/11

N2 - Siderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to iron assimilation by plants. These microorganisms possess mechanisms to produce Fe ions under iron-deficient conditions. Under appropriate conditions, they synthesize and release siderophores, thereby increasing and regulating iron bioavailability. This review focuses on various bacterial strains that positively affect plant growth and development through synthesizing siderophores. Here we discuss the diverse chemical nature of siderophores produced by plant root bacteria; the life cycle of siderophores, from their biosynthesis to the Fe–siderophore complex degradation; three mechanisms of siderophore biosynthesis in bacteria; the methods for analyzing siderophores and the siderophore-producing activity of bacteria and the methods for screening the siderophore-producing activity of bacterial colonies. Further analysis of biochemical, molecular–biological, and physiological features of siderophore synthesis by bacteria and their use by plants will allow one to create effective microbiological preparations for improving soil fertility and increasing plant biomass, which is highly relevant for sustainable agriculture.

AB - Siderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to iron assimilation by plants. These microorganisms possess mechanisms to produce Fe ions under iron-deficient conditions. Under appropriate conditions, they synthesize and release siderophores, thereby increasing and regulating iron bioavailability. This review focuses on various bacterial strains that positively affect plant growth and development through synthesizing siderophores. Here we discuss the diverse chemical nature of siderophores produced by plant root bacteria; the life cycle of siderophores, from their biosynthesis to the Fe–siderophore complex degradation; three mechanisms of siderophore biosynthesis in bacteria; the methods for analyzing siderophores and the siderophore-producing activity of bacteria and the methods for screening the siderophore-producing activity of bacterial colonies. Further analysis of biochemical, molecular–biological, and physiological features of siderophore synthesis by bacteria and their use by plants will allow one to create effective microbiological preparations for improving soil fertility and increasing plant biomass, which is highly relevant for sustainable agriculture.

KW - agriculture

KW - bacteria

KW - biofertilizers

KW - biosynthesis

KW - iron

KW - PGPB

KW - rhizosphere

KW - siderophores

KW - soil bacteria

KW - soil microbiome

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142447412&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7b6322d8-0032-39d4-a5a2-fe7a5ae29a18/

U2 - 10.3390/plants11223065

DO - 10.3390/plants11223065

M3 - Review article

C2 - 36432794

AN - SCOPUS:85142447412

VL - 11

JO - Plants

JF - Plants

SN - 2223-7747

IS - 22

M1 - 3065

ER -