TY - JOUR

T1 - Porosity and composition of nitrogen-doped carbon materials templated by the thermolysis products of calcium tartrate and their performance in electrochemical capacitors

AU - Nishchakova, Alina D.

AU - Grebenkina, Mariya A.

AU - Shlyakhova, Elena V.

AU - Shubin, Yury V.

AU - Kovalenko, Konstantin A.

AU - Asanov, Igor P.

AU - Fedoseeva, Yuliya V.

AU - Makarova, Anna A.

AU - Okotrub, Alexander V.

AU - Bulusheva, Lyubov G.

N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to Dr. E. A. Maksimovskiy for the SEM images and Dr. A. V. Ishchenko for the TEM images. The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 19-73-10068 ) and the bilateral Program “ Russian-German Laboratory at BESSY II” in the part of NEXAFS measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/3/25

Y1 - 2021/3/25

N2 - Porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method using template nanoparticles produced by the decomposition of calcium tartrate in thermal shock conditions. The synthesis temperature was varied from 650° to 900°C with a step of 50 °C and acetonitrile vapor was supplied into reactor immediately after the template formation. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis detected an increase of the number of ordered graphitic layers with the rise of the synthesis temperature. That was accompanied by a decrease of the specific surface area and the total pore volume determined from N2 adsorption measurements. Higher surface area of the materials produced at 650 and 700 °C was assigned to the co-existence of CaCO3 and CaO template nanoparticles at these temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy found about 4–5 at% of nitrogen in all materials and a strong temperature-dependence of the ratio of nitrogen forms. The material synthesized at 750 °C showed the best electrochemical performance in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte due to the presence of large fraction of pyridinic nitrogen responsible for pseudo-capacitance, graphitic nitrogen promoting charge transport, and large-size mesopores providing the fast diffusion of electrolyte ions.

AB - Porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method using template nanoparticles produced by the decomposition of calcium tartrate in thermal shock conditions. The synthesis temperature was varied from 650° to 900°C with a step of 50 °C and acetonitrile vapor was supplied into reactor immediately after the template formation. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis detected an increase of the number of ordered graphitic layers with the rise of the synthesis temperature. That was accompanied by a decrease of the specific surface area and the total pore volume determined from N2 adsorption measurements. Higher surface area of the materials produced at 650 and 700 °C was assigned to the co-existence of CaCO3 and CaO template nanoparticles at these temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy found about 4–5 at% of nitrogen in all materials and a strong temperature-dependence of the ratio of nitrogen forms. The material synthesized at 750 °C showed the best electrochemical performance in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte due to the presence of large fraction of pyridinic nitrogen responsible for pseudo-capacitance, graphitic nitrogen promoting charge transport, and large-size mesopores providing the fast diffusion of electrolyte ions.

KW - Acetonitrile decomposition

KW - Electrochemical capacitor

KW - Nitrogen doping

KW - Porous carbon material

KW - Template synthesis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098468020&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158259

DO - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158259

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85098468020

VL - 858

JO - Journal of Alloys and Compounds

JF - Journal of Alloys and Compounds

SN - 0925-8388

M1 - 158259

ER -