TY - JOUR

T1 - Origin and evolution of the neo-sex chromosomes in pamphagidae grasshoppers through chromosome fusion and following heteromorphization

AU - Yerkinovich, Ilyas

AU - Bugrov, Alexander Gennadievich

AU - Buleu, Olesya Georgievna

AU - Bogomolov, Anton Gennadievich

AU - Rubtsov, Nikolay Borisovich

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2017 by the authors; Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2017/11/13

Y1 - 2017/11/13

N2 - In most phylogenetic lineages, the evolution of sex chromosomes is accompanied by their heteromorphization and degradation of one of them. The neo-sex chromosomes are useful model for studying early stages of these processes. Recently two lineages of the neo-sex chromosomes on different stages of heteromorphization was discovered in Pamphagidae family. The neo-sex chromosome heteromorphization was analyzed by generation of DNA probes derived from the neo- Xs and neo-Ys followed with chromosome painting in nineteen species of Pamphagidae family. The homologous regions of the neo-sex chromosomes were determined in closely related species with the painting procedure and image analysis with application of the Visualization of the Specific Signal in Silico software package. Results of these analyses and distribution of C-positive regions in the neo-sex chromosomes revealed details of the heteromorphization of the neo-sex chromosomes in species from both phylogenetic lineages of Pamphagidae grasshoppers. The hypothetical mechanism of the neo-Y degradation was suggested. It includes expansion of different repeats from the proximal neo-Y chromosome region by inversions, spreading them towards distal region. Amplification of these repeats leads to formation of C-positive regions and elimination of the Cnegative regions located between them.

AB - In most phylogenetic lineages, the evolution of sex chromosomes is accompanied by their heteromorphization and degradation of one of them. The neo-sex chromosomes are useful model for studying early stages of these processes. Recently two lineages of the neo-sex chromosomes on different stages of heteromorphization was discovered in Pamphagidae family. The neo-sex chromosome heteromorphization was analyzed by generation of DNA probes derived from the neo- Xs and neo-Ys followed with chromosome painting in nineteen species of Pamphagidae family. The homologous regions of the neo-sex chromosomes were determined in closely related species with the painting procedure and image analysis with application of the Visualization of the Specific Signal in Silico software package. Results of these analyses and distribution of C-positive regions in the neo-sex chromosomes revealed details of the heteromorphization of the neo-sex chromosomes in species from both phylogenetic lineages of Pamphagidae grasshoppers. The hypothetical mechanism of the neo-Y degradation was suggested. It includes expansion of different repeats from the proximal neo-Y chromosome region by inversions, spreading them towards distal region. Amplification of these repeats leads to formation of C-positive regions and elimination of the Cnegative regions located between them.

KW - Chromosome

KW - Chromosome microdissection

KW - Chromosome painting

KW - DNA libraries

KW - Evolution

KW - Fluorescent in situ hybridization

KW - Grasshoppers

KW - Neo-sex

KW - Neo-X

KW - Neo-Y

KW - Pamphagidae

KW - 25-COLOR FISH

KW - SATELLITE DNA

KW - neo-sex

KW - chromosome microdissection

KW - ORTHOPTERA

KW - grasshoppers

KW - Y-CHROMOSOME

KW - neo-Y

KW - neo-X

KW - B-CHROMOSOMES

KW - chromosome

KW - HYBRIDIZATION

KW - evolution

KW - DEGENERATION

KW - chromosome painting

KW - COMPARATIVE FISH ANALYSIS

KW - DYNAMICS

KW - MICRODISSECTION

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034447033&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/genes8110323

DO - 10.3390/genes8110323

M3 - Article

C2 - 29137168

AN - SCOPUS:85034447033

VL - 8

JO - Genes

JF - Genes

SN - 2073-4425

IS - 11

M1 - 323

ER -