TY - JOUR

T1 - Filamentation of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

AU - (AWAKE Collaboration)

AU - Verra, L

AU - Amoedo, C

AU - Torrado, N

AU - Clairembaud, A

AU - Mezger, J

AU - Pannell, F

AU - Pucek, J

AU - van Gils, N

AU - Bergamaschi, M

AU - Zevi Della Porta, G

AU - Lopes, N

AU - Sublet, A

AU - Turner, M

AU - Gschwendtner, E

AU - Muggli, P

AU - Agnello, R

AU - Ahdida, C C

AU - Andrebe, Y

AU - Apsimon, O

AU - Apsimon, R

AU - Arnesano, J M

AU - Bencini, V

AU - Blanchard, P

AU - Burrows, P N

AU - Buttenschön, B

AU - Caldwell, A

AU - Chung, M

AU - Cooke, D A

AU - Davut, C

AU - Demeter, G

AU - Dexter, A C

AU - Doebert, S

AU - Farmer, J

AU - Fasoli, A

AU - Fonseca, R

AU - Furno, I

AU - Granados, E

AU - Granetzny, M

AU - Graubner, T

AU - Grulke, O

AU - Guran, E

AU - Henderson, J

AU - Kedves, M Á

AU - Kraus, F

AU - Krupa, M

AU - Lefevre, T

AU - Lotov, K

AU - Okhotnikov, N

AU - Tuev, P

AU - Yarygova, V

N1 - P.M., L.V., and E.W. thank A. Bret for fruitful discussions. This work was supported in parts by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - Portugal (Grants No. CERN/FISTEC/0017/2019, No. CERN/FIS-TEC/0034/2021, No. UIBD/50021/2020), STFC (AWAKE-UK, Cockcroft Institute core, John Adams Institute core, and UCL consolidated grants), United Kingdom, and the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grants No. NRF-2016R1A5A1013277 and No. NRF-2020R1A2C1010835). M.W. acknowledges the support of DESY, Hamburg. Support of the Wigner Datacenter Cloud facility through the Awakelaser project is acknowledged. TRIUMF contribution is supported by NSERC of Canada. The University of Wisconsin, Madison, acknowledges support by NSF Award No. PHY-1903316. The AWAKE collaboration acknowledges the SPS team for their excellent proton delivery. Публикация для корректировки.

PY - 2024/5

Y1 - 2024/5

N2 - We show in experiments that a long, underdense, relativistic proton bunch propagating in plasma undergoes the oblique instability, which we observe as filamentation. We determine a threshold value for the ratio between the bunch transverse size and plasma skin depth for the instability to occur. At the threshold, the outcome of the experiment alternates between filamentation and self-modulation instability (evidenced by longitudinal modulation into microbunches). Time-resolved images of the bunch density distribution reveal that filamentation grows to an observable level late along the bunch, confirming the spatiotemporal nature of the instability. We provide a rough estimate of the amplitude of the magnetic field generated in the plasma by the instability and show that the associated magnetic energy increases with plasma density.

AB - We show in experiments that a long, underdense, relativistic proton bunch propagating in plasma undergoes the oblique instability, which we observe as filamentation. We determine a threshold value for the ratio between the bunch transverse size and plasma skin depth for the instability to occur. At the threshold, the outcome of the experiment alternates between filamentation and self-modulation instability (evidenced by longitudinal modulation into microbunches). Time-resolved images of the bunch density distribution reveal that filamentation grows to an observable level late along the bunch, confirming the spatiotemporal nature of the instability. We provide a rough estimate of the amplitude of the magnetic field generated in the plasma by the instability and show that the associated magnetic energy increases with plasma density.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192675501&origin=inward&txGid=0265398c1d02a2cc462d152aba40ceda

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevE.109.055203

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevE.109.055203

M3 - Article

C2 - 38907424

VL - 109

JO - Physical Review E

JF - Physical Review E

SN - 2470-0045

IS - 5

M1 - 055203

ER -