TY - JOUR

T1 - Direct and Inverse Cascades in Turbulent Bose-Einstein Condensates

AU - Zhu, Ying

AU - Semisalov, Boris

AU - Krstulovic, Giorgio

AU - Nazarenko, Sergey

N1 - This work was funded by the Simons Foundation Collaboration grant Wave Turbulence (Award No. 651471). This work was granted access to the high-performance computing facilities under GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) A0102A12494 (IDRIS and CINES), the OPAL infrastructure from Universit´e Côte d’Azur, supported by the French government, through the UCAJEDI Investments in the Future project managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) under Reference No. ANR-15-IDEX-01, and the SIGAMM infrastructure hosted by Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, supported by the Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur region and supported by the state contract of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics (Project No. FWNF-2022-0008).

PY - 2023/3/31

Y1 - 2023/3/31

N2 - When a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is driven out of equilibrium, density waves interact nonlinearly and trigger turbulent cascades. In a turbulent BEC, energy is transferred toward small scales by a direct cascade, whereas the number of particles displays an inverse cascade toward large scales. In this work, we study analytically and numerically the direct and inverse cascades in wave-turbulent BECs. We analytically derive the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra, including the log correction to the direct cascade scaling and the universal prefactor constants for both cascades. We test and corroborate our predictions using high-resolution numerical simulations of the forced-dissipated Gross-Pitaevskii model in a periodic box and the corresponding wave-kinetic equation. Theoretical predictions and data are in excellent agreement, without adjustable parameters. Moreover, in order to connect with experiments, we test and validate our theoretical predictions using the Gross-Pitaevskii model with a confining cubic trap. Our results explain previous experimental observations and suggest new settings for future studies.

AB - When a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is driven out of equilibrium, density waves interact nonlinearly and trigger turbulent cascades. In a turbulent BEC, energy is transferred toward small scales by a direct cascade, whereas the number of particles displays an inverse cascade toward large scales. In this work, we study analytically and numerically the direct and inverse cascades in wave-turbulent BECs. We analytically derive the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra, including the log correction to the direct cascade scaling and the universal prefactor constants for both cascades. We test and corroborate our predictions using high-resolution numerical simulations of the forced-dissipated Gross-Pitaevskii model in a periodic box and the corresponding wave-kinetic equation. Theoretical predictions and data are in excellent agreement, without adjustable parameters. Moreover, in order to connect with experiments, we test and validate our theoretical predictions using the Gross-Pitaevskii model with a confining cubic trap. Our results explain previous experimental observations and suggest new settings for future studies.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152107891&origin=inward&txGid=e268d22818bcd3ea5e01a49ff64a0a71

UR - http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.09279

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/01db8b07-26bc-3c25-ba9c-17bb27161016/

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.133001

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.133001

M3 - Article

C2 - 37067330

VL - 130

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

SN - 0031-9007

IS - 13

M1 - 133001

ER -