TY - JOUR

T1 - Behavioral effects and inflammatory markers in the brain and periphery after repeated social defeat stress burdened by Opisthorchis felineus infection in mice

AU - Avgustinovich, Damira F.

AU - Tenditnik, Mikhail V.

AU - Bondar, Natalia P.

AU - Marenina, Mariya K.

AU - Zhanaeva, Svetlana Ya

AU - Lvova, Maria N.

AU - Katokhin, Alexey V.

AU - Pavlov, Konstantin S.

AU - Evseenko, Veronica I.

AU - Tolstikova, Tatiana G.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by a state project for the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS (grant No. FWNR-2022–0021 ) and by state assignment for the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS (project No. FWUS-2021–0008) . Behavioral experiments were supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 21–15–00142 . The authors are grateful to the Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS), which is supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (unique identifier of the project: RFMEFI62119X0023 ). We are thankful to Nikolai Shevchuk ( http://shevchuk-editing.com/ ) for translating and editing this manuscript (language certificate of May 15, 2022). Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/8/1

Y1 - 2022/8/1

N2 - The combination of 4-week repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and Opisthorchis felineus infection was modeled in C57BL/6 mice. Various parameters were compared between three experimental groups of male mice (SS: mice subjected to RSDS, OF: mice infected with O. felineus, and OF + SS: mice subjected to both adverse factors) and behavior-tested and intact (INT) controls. The combination caused liver hypertrophy and increased the blood level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and proteolytic activity of cathepsin B in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, hypertrophy of the spleen and of adrenal glands was noticeable. Anxious behavior in the elevated plus-maze test was predominantly due to the infection, with synergistic effects of an interaction of the two adverse factors on multiple parameters in OF + SS mice. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test was caused only by RSDS and was equally pronounced in SS mice and OF + SS mice. Helminths attenuated the activities of cathepsin B in the liver and hypothalamus (which were high in SS mice) and increased cathepsin L activity in the liver. The highest blood level of corticosterone was seen in SS mice but was decreased to control levels by the trematode infection. OF mice had the lowest level of corticosterone, comparable to that in INT mice. Thus, the first data were obtained on the ability of O. felineus helminths—even at the immature stage—to modulate the effects of RSDS, thereby affecting functional connections of the host, namely “helminths → liver↔brain axis.”

AB - The combination of 4-week repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and Opisthorchis felineus infection was modeled in C57BL/6 mice. Various parameters were compared between three experimental groups of male mice (SS: mice subjected to RSDS, OF: mice infected with O. felineus, and OF + SS: mice subjected to both adverse factors) and behavior-tested and intact (INT) controls. The combination caused liver hypertrophy and increased the blood level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and proteolytic activity of cathepsin B in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, hypertrophy of the spleen and of adrenal glands was noticeable. Anxious behavior in the elevated plus-maze test was predominantly due to the infection, with synergistic effects of an interaction of the two adverse factors on multiple parameters in OF + SS mice. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test was caused only by RSDS and was equally pronounced in SS mice and OF + SS mice. Helminths attenuated the activities of cathepsin B in the liver and hypothalamus (which were high in SS mice) and increased cathepsin L activity in the liver. The highest blood level of corticosterone was seen in SS mice but was decreased to control levels by the trematode infection. OF mice had the lowest level of corticosterone, comparable to that in INT mice. Thus, the first data were obtained on the ability of O. felineus helminths—even at the immature stage—to modulate the effects of RSDS, thereby affecting functional connections of the host, namely “helminths → liver↔brain axis.”

KW - Behavior

KW - Cathepsin B

KW - Corticosterone

KW - IL-6

KW - Opisthorchis felineus infection

KW - Repeated social defeat stress

KW - Brain

KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL

KW - Male

KW - Social Defeat

KW - Animals

KW - Opisthorchiasis

KW - Biomarkers

KW - Mice

KW - Hypertrophy

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130591859&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113846

DO - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113846

M3 - Article

C2 - 35594930

AN - SCOPUS:85130591859

VL - 252

JO - Physiology and Behavior

JF - Physiology and Behavior

SN - 0031-9384

M1 - 113846

ER -