TY - JOUR

T1 - A Neanderthal refugium in the eastern Adriatic

AU - Vishnevskiy, A. V.

AU - Pavlenok, K. K.

AU - Kozlikin, M. B.

AU - Ulyanov, V. A.

AU - Derevianko, A. P.

AU - Shunkov, M. V.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - On the basis of mineralogical analysis of the tephra layer in the Bioce rock shelter in Montenegro, we revise the cultural and population changes in the eastern Adriatic at the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The disappearance of Neanderthals from that region was traditionally attributed to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption ~40 ka BP. Comprehensive studies at Bioce by the Russian-Montenegrin expedition in 2010-2015 have resulted in a hypothesis that a Neanderthal refugium existed in the Balkans. We list the lithological and stratigraphie characteristics of the Pleistocene sequence of the site and describe four main strata. Pétrographie and x-ray phase analyses and scanning electron microscopy suggest that minerals from samples of ground from horizon 1.3 are of volcanic origin. The comparison of tephra from that horizon with those from local sequences in terms of composition, shape, and size ofparticles reveals similarity with the Y-5 tephra from the main phase of the Campanian eruption, dating to 39.30-39.85 ka BP. In the habitation sequence of Bioce, the tephra layer is inside lithological stratum 1. Artifacts from that layer and from the overlying and underlying ones, judging by technological and typological criteria, belong to one and the same lithic industry—the micro-Mousterian fades of the local Middle Paleolithic. Newfindings imply that the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption did not cause the disappearance of the culture associated with Neanderthals in the eastern Adriatic.

AB - On the basis of mineralogical analysis of the tephra layer in the Bioce rock shelter in Montenegro, we revise the cultural and population changes in the eastern Adriatic at the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The disappearance of Neanderthals from that region was traditionally attributed to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption ~40 ka BP. Comprehensive studies at Bioce by the Russian-Montenegrin expedition in 2010-2015 have resulted in a hypothesis that a Neanderthal refugium existed in the Balkans. We list the lithological and stratigraphie characteristics of the Pleistocene sequence of the site and describe four main strata. Pétrographie and x-ray phase analyses and scanning electron microscopy suggest that minerals from samples of ground from horizon 1.3 are of volcanic origin. The comparison of tephra from that horizon with those from local sequences in terms of composition, shape, and size ofparticles reveals similarity with the Y-5 tephra from the main phase of the Campanian eruption, dating to 39.30-39.85 ka BP. In the habitation sequence of Bioce, the tephra layer is inside lithological stratum 1. Artifacts from that layer and from the overlying and underlying ones, judging by technological and typological criteria, belong to one and the same lithic industry—the micro-Mousterian fades of the local Middle Paleolithic. Newfindings imply that the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption did not cause the disappearance of the culture associated with Neanderthals in the eastern Adriatic.

KW - Bioce rock shelter

KW - Campanian Ignimbrite eruption

KW - Eastern Adriatic

KW - Middle Paleolithic

KW - Neanderthal refugium

KW - MAGMA CHAMBER

KW - CAMPI-FLEGREI

KW - CALDERA

KW - VOLUME

KW - TEPHRA

KW - DEPOSITS

KW - CAMPANIAN IGNIMBRITE ERUPTION

KW - MIDDLE

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082328435&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43256682

U2 - 10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.4.003-015

DO - 10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.4.003-015

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85082328435

VL - 47

SP - 3

EP - 15

JO - Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia

JF - Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia

SN - 1563-0110

IS - 4

M1 - 1

ER -