TY - JOUR

T1 - «Массовые» операции НКВД 1937–1938 гг. в отношении уголовных и «деклассированных элементов»

AU - Ablazhey, N. N.

AU - Zhanbossinova, A. S.

N1 - This research was supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Grant No.AP14869089 \u201CThe vertical and horizontal of the Great Terror: political repression in Kazakhstan in 1937\u20131938\u201D.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - In the context of studying mass political repressions in the USSR, an attempt was made to look at the role of terror in order to radically transform a marginal and transitional society into a socialist society. The processes of politicization of common crimes and social anomalies, and the intensification of extrajudicial repressions in the 1930s against criminal and deviant segments of the population are shown. For the first time, the materials of extrajudicial “Kulak” and “Militia” troikas in the Kazakh SSR and the processed data of protocol statistics are introduced into scientific circulation. The evolution and specifics of extrajudicial bodies are demonstrated, an in-depth analysis of the contingent of the repressed is carried out. The purpose of the article is to study the scale of social purge among criminal, marginal and deviant groups of the population in the Kazakh SSR during the implementation of the two large-scale repressive campaigns of the Great Terror period, namely, the “Kulak” and “Militia” operations of the NKVD of the USSR. It has been established that during the period of the most massive repressive campaign of the Great Terror, known as the “Kulak” operation, almost 27 thousand people were repressed in Kazakhstan, including almost 3.7 thousand people as “criminals”, and a third of them were shot. In total, during 1937–1938 in the Kazakh SSR, more than 15 thousand people were repressed by extrajudicial bodies as criminal and declassed elements. It is concluded that the politicization of the status of marginals made it possible to exaggerate their social danger, which led to mass repressions against them.

AB - In the context of studying mass political repressions in the USSR, an attempt was made to look at the role of terror in order to radically transform a marginal and transitional society into a socialist society. The processes of politicization of common crimes and social anomalies, and the intensification of extrajudicial repressions in the 1930s against criminal and deviant segments of the population are shown. For the first time, the materials of extrajudicial “Kulak” and “Militia” troikas in the Kazakh SSR and the processed data of protocol statistics are introduced into scientific circulation. The evolution and specifics of extrajudicial bodies are demonstrated, an in-depth analysis of the contingent of the repressed is carried out. The purpose of the article is to study the scale of social purge among criminal, marginal and deviant groups of the population in the Kazakh SSR during the implementation of the two large-scale repressive campaigns of the Great Terror period, namely, the “Kulak” and “Militia” operations of the NKVD of the USSR. It has been established that during the period of the most massive repressive campaign of the Great Terror, known as the “Kulak” operation, almost 27 thousand people were repressed in Kazakhstan, including almost 3.7 thousand people as “criminals”, and a third of them were shot. In total, during 1937–1938 in the Kazakh SSR, more than 15 thousand people were repressed by extrajudicial bodies as criminal and declassed elements. It is concluded that the politicization of the status of marginals made it possible to exaggerate their social danger, which led to mass repressions against them.

KW - Great Terror

KW - Kazakh SSR

KW - Kazakhstan

KW - declassed

KW - extrajudicial processes

KW - koulak

KW - militia

KW - socially hostile

KW - troikas

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199545266&origin=inward&txGid=9f00dbe280cf7e6f62e66a2d2c733047

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/b7c7b01d-6c07-3bf8-abf0-d029f6bb93af/

U2 - 10.21638/spbu24.2024.107

DO - 10.21638/spbu24.2024.107

M3 - статья

VL - 14

SP - 102

EP - 126

JO - Новейшая история России

JF - Новейшая история России

SN - 2219-9659

IS - 1

ER -