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Collider experiments are the main method for studying the structure and properties of matter. Quarks, leptons, bosons, the Higgs boson were discovered, a theory was created that describes their interactions and transformations. However, a lot still remains incomprehensible. To move forward, it is planned to build new colliders that will allow a deeper understanding of the nature of already discovered phenomena and, with luck, discover new phenomena that go beyond existing knowledge.
Currently, several projects of new colliders are being developed:
1) linear e + e- colliders ILC (Japan) and CLIC (CERN) for energies up to 2E = 1 and 3 TeV, respectively. Due to the single use of beams in linear colliders, they can be converted (by Compton scattering of laser photons by electrons) into photon colliders (γe, γγ) with approximately the same energy and luminosity. The length of these colliders will be 40-50 km. The possibility of creating a photon collider for energy up to 12 GeV based on the existing European XFEL linac is also being considered.
2) circular e+e- colliders on an energy 2E = 250-350 GeV, allowing a detailed study of the Higgs boson and top quark (projects FLC-ee (CERN), CEPC (China)), the maximum energy of these colliders is lower than linear ones, due to synchrotron radiation when moving in a circle. The perimeter of the rings will be 80-100 km. In the future, proton colliders with the energy 100 TeV (7 times higher than in the LHC). will be place in these tunnels.
3) Muon colliders for energy from 100 GeV to 100 TeV. Muons have a mass of 200 times more than electrons, their synchrotron radiation is much smaller, therefore they can be accelerated and collided in ring colliders. Although muons at rest live only two microseconds, due to the relativistic time dilation, they can be obtained, cooled, accelerated, and collided about 2000 times ..
TheLaboratory for the development of a new generation of high-energy colliders (LRNPKVE) was created in 2014 as part of the Top-100 program. Its head Prof. V.I. Telnov, has been participating in all of these projects from the very beginning, has made a great contribution to the development of concepts for these colliders, is the author of the idea of the photon collider and the leader in its development. The task of the laboratory is to participate in all aspects of research on this topic: the development of colliders, detectors and a physical program, and to participate in experiments at these colliders